Question 1

The frequency and severity of GAD increases with children's ______.

Accepted Answer

The capacity for worry refers to a child's ability to engage in anxious rumination and catastrophic thinking, which are key components of GAD. As a child's capacity for worry increases, so too does their likelihood of developing GAD or experiencing more severe symptoms.

Question 2

Which of the following is true about the course of OCD?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the causes of agoraphobia?

Accepted Answer

Agoraphobia is believed to arise from a combination of genetic susceptibility and authoritarian parenting styles. Studies suggest that individuals with a genetic risk for anxiety disorders are more likely to develop agoraphobia if they experience a highly controlling and overprotective upbringing. This suggests that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of agoraphobia.

Question 4

The relationship between generalized anxiety disorder and depression entails all EXCEPT which of the following?

Accepted Answer

While generalized anxiety disorder and depression have high comorbidity and can influence each other, the specific risk of those with depression developing generalized anxiety disorder later on is not as well-established as the reverse.

Question 5

Which of the following factors is LEAST impactful in the development of OCD?

Accepted Answer

Shared environmental factors, such as growing up in the same household or community, have been found to have the least impact on the development of OCD compared to genetics and nonshared environmental factors, such as individual life experiences and learned behaviors. Neurodevelopmental factors, such as altered brain circuits and neurotransmitter imbalances, also play a significant role in the development of OCD.

Question 6

A primary theory of the persistence of worry,the cognitive avoidance theory,indicates that worry is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive avoidance theory suggests that worry is negatively reinforcing because it helps individuals avoid more distressing emotions or thoughts, thereby reinforcing the worry behavior.

Question 7

Mimi is trying to overcome her fear of flying.Which of the following treatment scenarios would be most consistent with an in vivo flooding with massed exposure approach?

Accepted Answer

In vivo flooding with massed exposure involves exposing the individual to their feared stimulus repeatedly and for an extended period without any breaks. Booking a long flight like the one from New York to Australia would provide the most exposure and be most consistent with this approach. Option A involves gradual exposure and Option B and C focus on imaginal exposure rather than actual exposure.

Question 8

Which is true about children with generalized anxiety disorder?

Accepted Answer

Children with generalized anxiety disorder must experience at least one symptom due to their worrying, while adults must experience at least three symptoms.

Question 9

Laila is worried that her classmates won't like her,that she won't do as well as she wants to in school,and that she won't get into a good college.Which of the following would be most helpful in determining whether Laila might meet criteria for generalized anxiety disorder?

Accepted Answer

The most helpful factor in determining whether Laila might meet criteria for generalized anxiety disorder is knowing how much her worries impact her daily functioning. This is a key criterion for this disorder. The other options may provide additional information but are less important in determining a diagnosis.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a typical difference between the obsessions of children with OCD and the obsessions of adults with OCD?

Accepted Answer

Children with OCD do not typically have more obsessions than adults with OCD. In fact, adults may have more complex and varied obsessions due to a longer history of the disorder.

Question 11

Children with OCD are ______.

Accepted Answer

Studies show that children with OCD are often undiagnosed and untreated, meaning they are very unlikely to be receiving treatment.

Question 12

Gilda misses the bus and immediately thinks,"Now I'll have to walk all the way home and what if I get hit by a car or even kidnapped?" This is an example of which cognitive distortion?

Accepted Answer

Gilda is catastrophizing by jumping to extremes and imagining the worst-case scenario of getting hit by a car or kidnapped simply because she missed the bus.

Question 13

Marlene spends most of the day thinking about fairies.Sometimes,when she's at school,thoughts about fairies will just pop into her head.Marlene's thoughts about fairies,therefore,sometimes interfere with her school work,but Marlene can't help it-she just loves thinking about fairies.Is Marlene experiencing an obsession with fairies?

Accepted Answer

An obsession typically involves intrusive and unwanted thoughts that cause distress. Since Marlene enjoys thinking about fairies, it does not fit the definition of an obsession.

Question 14

Jillian has always wanted to ride in a hot air balloon,but when she learns that the entire adventure involves 4 hours without access to a bathroom,Jillian feels she cannot do it.She can't bear the thought of having to go to the bathroom and being unable to for all that time,so she does not fulfill this dream.Jillian's behavior is most consistent with which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Jillian's behavior is most consistent with agoraphobia, which is characterized by an intense fear or anxiety triggered by real or anticipated exposure to situations where escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of developing panic-like symptoms or other incapacitating or embarrassing symptoms (such as needing to use the bathroom and being unable to). Her decision not to go on the hot air balloon ride due to fear of not having bathroom access aligns with the avoidance behaviors seen in agoraphobia.

Question 15

Which anxiety disorder is most closely associated with depression?

Accepted Answer

Generalized anxiety disorder is the anxiety disorder that is most closely associated with depression. Both disorders share similar symptoms such as difficulty sleeping, irritability, and trouble concentrating. They often occur together and may require similar treatment approaches.

Question 16

Differences between typical worrying and the worrying done by those with generalized anxiety disorder seem to be all of the following EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

The topics of worry for those with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and those without are often similar, involving concerns about health, finances, and relationships. The key differences lie in the intensity, persistence, and impact of the worry, rather than the subjects of the worry itself.

Question 17

Which part of the cortico-basal-ganglionic circuit would be responsible for initiating an action in response to an irregularity in the environment (for instance,turning off the oven if it were left on)?

Accepted Answer

The caudate is involved in the planning and execution of movement, as well as in learning and memory processes related to the evaluation of actions and outcomes, making it crucial for initiating actions in response to environmental changes.

Question 18

Which of the following was NOT a way that Mary Cover Jones attempted to reduce Peter's fear of rabbits?

Accepted Answer

Exposing Peter to additional animals is not mentioned as a method used by Mary Cover Jones to reduce Peter's fear of rabbits. The other options (A, C, and D) are all strategies that were used.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT part of the brain circuit thought to underlie OCD?

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is part of the brain circuit thought to underlie OCD, along with the orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, and caudate. Therefore, option B is the answer as it is the only one not part of this brain circuit.

Question 20

Mila is afraid of germs.In order to treat Mila,her therapist has her rub her hands in dirt and then she must sit there for 10 minutes without washing it off or using hand sanitizer.At the end of the 10 minutes,her therapist gives Mila lots of praise for tolerating her feared situation.Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The praise given to Mila by the therapist serves as positive reinforcement, as it increases the likelihood of Mila tolerating the feared situation again in the future. Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with a naturally occurring stimulus to produce a response, which is not occurring here. Washing her hands would not be negatively reinforcing, as negative reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future. Modeling refers to learning by observation and imitation, which is not occurring here either.

Quiz 11: Anxiety Disorders and Obsessivecompulsive Disorder

The frequency and severity of GAD increases with children's ______.

Which of the following is true about the course of OCD?

Which of the following best describes the causes of agoraphobia?

The relationship between generalized anxiety disorder and depression entails all EXCEPT which of the following?

Which of the following factors is LEAST impactful in the development of OCD?

A primary theory of the persistence of worry,the cognitive avoidance theory,indicates that worry is which of the following?