Question 1

Sir Francis Galton assumed that skull size is related to intelligence.This was _____ measure of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

While skull size may be a reliable measure in the sense that it is easily measurable and repeatable, it is not a valid measure of intelligence. There is no one-to-one relationship between skull size and intelligence, and other factors such as brain structure and function, environment, and social and cultural factors also play a role in determining intelligence.

Question 2

People with severe retardation have an IQ:

Accepted Answer

People with severe retardation have an IQ of 25 to 39. This level of intellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations in communication, self-care, and social interaction skills.

Question 3

Anita is mildly retarded,Brady is moderately retarded,Candace is severely retarded,and Denny is profoundly retarded.Which of these individuals can probably hold a job? Which of these individuals is probably unable to care for him- or herself?

Accepted Answer

Anita, who is mildly retarded, is most likely to be able to hold a job due to having higher functional capabilities compared to the others. Denny, who is profoundly retarded, is probably unable to care for himself due to the severity of his condition, which typically involves significant cognitive and physical disabilities.

Question 4

In approximately _____ of the cases of mental retardation there is an identifiable cause related to biological or environmental factors; the most common of these is _____.

Accepted Answer

In approximately one-third of the cases of mental retardation, there is an identifiable cause, and the most common of these is fetal alcohol syndrome. This condition results from alcohol exposure during the mother's pregnancy, causing brain damage and growth problems.

Question 5

Of those who are mentally retarded,what percentage are classified as mildly retarded?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 90% of individuals who are mentally retarded are classified as mildly retarded. This classification indicates they have an IQ score between 50-55 to approximately 70.

Question 6

Which of the following alternatives offers the most accurate assessment of the origin of familial retardation in nature on the one hand or nurture on the other?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following alternatives offers the...

Question 7

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect a valid or empirically supported point in favor of or against adaptive or computerized testing?

Accepted Answer

While the other options present valid points either in favor of or against adaptive or computerized testing, option D is not empirically supported as it does not reflect the nature of adaptive testing. In adaptive testing, the difficulty of questions is adjusted in real-time based on the test-taker's responses, so they are not forced to spend a great deal of time answering questions that are much easier or much harder than they can handle. This statement seems to be more applicable to traditional testing formats.

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE about tests?

Accepted Answer

Test validity and reliability are both essential for accurate assessment of intelligence. Reliability refers to the consistency of a test, while validity refers to the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.

Question 9

Which of the following alternatives correctly identifies the range of IQ scores encompassed by the terms profound,severe,moderate,and mild retardation,respectively?

Accepted Answer

The range of IQ scores encompassed by the terms profound, severe, moderate, and mild retardation are as follows:
- Profound: 0-24
- Severe: 25-39
- Moderate: 40-54
- Mild: 55-69
Therefore, option C correctly identifies these ranges.

Question 10

A psychological test is valid when it:

Accepted Answer

A psychological test is considered valid when it actually measures what it is supposed to measure. In other words, the test should accurately evaluate the construct or characteristic it claims to assess. The other options are also important for a test to be reliable but alone do not ensure validity.

Question 11

Intellectual disability in which no apparent biological defect exists but there is a history of it in the family is known as _____ retardation.

Accepted Answer

Familial retardation refers to intellectual disability that is inherited without any apparent biological defect or syndrome. It is caused by genetic factors that are passed down through families.

Question 12

Peyton has an IQ score of 60.Although her development was typically slower than that of her peers,she is now able to hold a job and will soon start a family of her own.Peyton is most probably:

Accepted Answer

Peyton's IQ score falls within the range of mild intellectual disability (IQ 50-70), which means she may experience some difficulties with cognitive and adaptive functioning, but is still able to live independently and hold a job. Her ability to start a family also suggests that she is able to handle the responsibilities that come with parenthood.

Question 13

Regarding standardized testing,which piece of advice is least likely to be right?

Accepted Answer

Guessing may result in a correct answer, but it is not a reliable strategy for success on standardized tests. It is better to eliminate the choices that are obviously wrong and make an educated guess based on the remaining options.

Question 14

Dr.Cavanaugh examines the relationship between the personality trait of resilience and senior citizens' compliance with medication regimes.However,the resilience measure he used was normed only on college students.Based on this information,which of the following is the most apparent weakness of Dr.Cavanaugh's study?

Accepted Answer

The most apparent weakness is the standardization of the resilience measure, as it was normed only on college students and not on a population that includes senior citizens, which could affect its validity when applied to an older demographic.

Question 15

The inclusive philosophy behind the educational mainstreaming of people with intellectual disabilities reflects federal laws passed in the:

Accepted Answer

The inclusive philosophy behind the educational mainstreaming of people with intellectual disabilities, which reflects federal laws, is primarily based on legislation from the mid-1970s. This period marked the passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) in 1975 (now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)), which required public schools to provide equal access to education for children with physical and mental disabilities.

Question 16

A researcher develops a questionnaire to assess the personality trait of impulsivity among adults.In a journal article,she presents evidence that college students tend to get essentially the same score if they take the test twice,two months apart.She also presents the average score,the highest score,and the lowest score obtained by two large samples: one of 2,000 college students and one of 750 community-dwelling non-college adults.However,when you look at the sample questionnaire items she included in the article,it seems to you that they relate more to whether a person is sociable,outgoing,and fun than to whether an individual is impulsive.In this scenario,you are questioning the _____ of the researcher's questionnaire.

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes issues with the validity of the researcher's questionnaire. The questionnaire items do not seem to be measuring the intended personality trait of impulsivity, but instead are assessing more sociable, outgoing, and fun traits. The evidence presented on the reliability of the questionnaire (scores remaining consistent over time) does not indicate the validity of the questionnaire in measuring impulsivity accurately.

Question 17

People whose IQ score range from 40 to 54 are most probably:

Accepted Answer

People with an IQ score range from 40 to 54 are classified as having moderate intellectual disability, which means they have significant limitations in adaptive functioning and require support for their daily living activities.

Question 18

Based on the text's discussion,which of the following alternatives best captures the difference,if any,between the terms mental retardation and intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

The term "intellectual disability" is now used in place of "mental retardation," which is considered outdated and potentially offensive.

Question 19

People who are _____ have deficits in their language and motor skills.Although these individuals can hold simple jobs,they need to have a certain degree of supervision throughout their lives.

Accepted Answer

Individuals who are moderately retarded have deficits in both language and motor skills, but they are able to learn basic skills and hold simple jobs with supervision throughout their lives. Mildly retarded individuals have less severe deficits and can often function independently, while severely and profoundly retarded individuals require constant supervision and may have limited communication and self-care abilities.

Question 20

An online intelligence test yields a different IQ each time you take it.The test is:

Accepted Answer

The fact that the online intelligence test yields a different IQ each time it is taken indicates that it is not reliable, since it is not producing consistent results. Additionally, without evidence of the test's correlation with other valid measures of intelligence, such as professional IQ tests or academic achievement, it is also likely not valid. Therefore, the most accurate answer is B, not reliable and probably not valid either.

Quiz 9: Intelligence