Question 1

________ Derived from foregut
A) Spleen
B) Omphaloenteric duct (yolk stalk)
C) Gallbladder
D) Appendix
E) Celiac trunk

Accepted Answer

The gallbladder is derived from the foregut.The hepatic diverticulum from the foregut divides into two parts;the larger cranial part gives rise to the liver,and the caudal part gives rise to the gallbladder.

Question 2

________ Continuous with the apex of the midgut loop
A) Spleen
B) Omphaloenteric duct (yolk stalk)
C) Gallbladder
D) Appendix
E) Celiac trunk

Accepted Answer

The midgut loop is a portion of the developing gut tube that gives rise to the small intestine, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and the proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon. The omphaloenteric duct (yolk stalk) connects the midgut loop to the yolk sac, which provides nutrients during early development. The apex of the midgut loop is continuous with the omphaloenteric duct. The spleen, gallbladder, and celiac trunk are not directly related to the midgut loop apex. The appendix is derived from the midgut loop, but it is not directly continuous with the apex.

Question 3

________ Supplies foregut derivatives
A) Spleen
B) Omphaloenteric duct (yolk stalk)
C) Gallbladder
D) Appendix
E) Celiac trunk

Accepted Answer

The celiac trunk supplies the foregut derivatives, including the stomach, liver, pancreas, and upper duodenum. The other options listed do not have a direct role in supplying foregut derivatives.

Question 4

________ Embryonic site of hematopoiesis
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Embryonic site of hematopoiesis
A) A
B)...

Question 5

________ Herniation of the inines
A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Anorectal agenesis
C) Esophageal atresia
D) Omphalocele
E) Polyhydramnios

Accepted Answer

Omphalocele is a condition where the intestines herniate through the abdominal wall at the base of the umbilical cord.

Question 6

________ Arises as a diverticulum of the foregut
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Arises as a diverticulum of...

Question 7

________ Urogenital sinus
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Urogenital sinus
A) A
B) B
C) C
D)...

Question 8

________ Its free border contains the umbilical vein
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Its free border contains the...

Question 9

________ Hepatoduodenal ligament
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Hepatoduodenal ligament
A) A
B) B
C) C
D)...

Question 10

________ Primordium of the renal pelvis and calices
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Primordium of the renal pelvis...

Question 11

________ Derived from the foregut and midgut
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Derived from the foregut and...

Question 12

________ Partitions the cloaca
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Partitions the cloaca
A) A
B) B
C)...

Question 13

________ Derived from the midgut loop
A) Spleen
B) Omphaloenteric duct (yolk stalk)
C) Gallbladder
D) Appendix
E) Celiac trunk

Accepted Answer

The appendix is derived from the midgut loop during embryonic development. The spleen arises from mesodermal tissue, the omphaloenteric duct (yolk stalk) connects the midgut to the yolk sac but disappears during development, the gallbladder arises from the hepatic diverticulum, and the celiac trunk is a major artery that arises from the aorta.

Question 14

________ Duodenal obstruction
A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Anorectal agenesis
C) Esophageal atresia
D) Omphalocele
E) Polyhydramnios

Accepted Answer

High intestinal obstruction (e.g. ,duodenal atresia)frequently is an accompaniment of polyhydramnios.Excessive amniotic fluid is also associated with meroanencephaly (partial absence of the brain)and esophageal atresia.With meroanencephaly,there appears to be difficulty in swallowing.In esophageal and duodenal atresia,amniotic fluid accumulates because it is unable to pass to the intestines for absorption.

Question 15

________ Gives rise to collecting system of the kidney
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Gives rise to collecting system...

Question 16

________ Faulty partitioning of the foregut
A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Anorectal agenesis
C) Esophageal atresia
D) Omphalocele
E) Polyhydramnios

Accepted Answer

Esophageal atresia is the result of faulty partitioning during foregut development, specifically in the separation of the trachea and esophagus. This leads to a blind pouch at the upper end of the esophagus and can cause difficulty feeding and breathing in affected infants. Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the opening between the stomach and small intestine, anorectal agenesis is a failure of the anus and rectum to develop properly, omphalocele is a type of abdominal wall defect where organs protrude through a hole in the abdominal muscles, and polyhydramnios is excessive amniotic fluid in the uterus, which can sometimes result from fetal abnormalities but is not directly related to faulty partitioning of the foregut.

Question 17

________ Organ derived solely from mesenchyme
A) Spleen
B) Omphaloenteric duct (yolk stalk)
C) Gallbladder
D) Appendix
E) Celiac trunk

Accepted Answer

The spleen is derived from a condensation of mesenchymal cells between the layers of the dorsal mesogastrium.The splenic artery is a branch of the foregut (celiac)artery;this explains why it gives off pancreatic branches,short gastric arteries,and the left gastro-omental artery.Recall that the stomach and pancreas are foregut derivatives.

Question 18

________ Forms the inferior part of the head of the pancreas
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Forms the inferior part of...

Question 19

________ Faulty partitioning of the cloaca
A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Anorectal agenesis
C) Esophageal atresia
D) Omphalocele
E) Polyhydramnios

Accepted Answer

Anorectal agenesis, also known as imperforate anus, is a congenital defect in which the anal opening is missing or blocked. It occurs due to faulty partitioning of the cloaca during embryonic development.

Question 20

________ Causes projectile vomiting
A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Anorectal agenesis
C) Esophageal atresia
D) Omphalocele
E) Polyhydramnios

Accepted Answer

Pyloric stenosis is a condition where there is a narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the small intestine. This can cause projectile vomiting due to the forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the narrowed opening. Anorectal agenesis, esophageal atresia, omphalocele, and polyhydramnios do not typically cause projectile vomiting.

Quiz 1: Gametogenesis and Fertilization

________ Derived from foregut

________ Continuous with the apex of the midgut loop

________ Supplies foregut derivatives

________ Embryonic site of hematopoiesis

________ Herniation of the inines

________ Arises as a diverticulum of the foregut

________ Urogenital sinus

________ Its free border contains the umbilical vein

________ Hepatoduodenal ligament

________ Primordium of the renal pelvis and calices

________ Derived from the foregut and midgut

________ Partitions the cloaca

________ Derived from the midgut loop

________ Duodenal obstruction

________ Gives rise to collecting system of the kidney

________ Faulty partitioning of the foregut

________ Organ derived solely from mesenchyme

________ Forms the inferior part of the head of the pancreas

________ Faulty partitioning of the cloaca

________ Causes projectile vomiting