Question 1

________ Source of nephrons
A) Renal agenesis
B) Nephrogenic cord
C) Metanephric diverticulum
D) Kidney lobes
E) Polycystic kidney

Accepted Answer

The metanephric mesenchyme in the nephrogenic cords gives rise to nephrons.When stimulated by a substance produced by the metanephric diverticulum,the metanephric mesenchyme begins to differentiate into nephrons.

Question 2

________ Cystic remnant of the urachus
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The cystic remnant of the urachus is located between the dome of the bladder (structure B) and the umbilicus (not visible in the image). It appears as a fluid-filled structure at the midline of the anterior abdominal wall.

Question 3

________ External evidence of them disappears during infancy
A) Renal agenesis
B) Nephrogenic cord
C) Metanephric diverticulum
D) Kidney lobes
E) Polycystic kidney

Accepted Answer

The external evidence of the kidney lobes disappears during infancy,usually by the end of the first year.Thereafter,lobes are observed only in sections of the kidney and are defined as a medullary pyramid with its cap of cortical tissue.

Question 4

________ May undergo exstrophy
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ May undergo exstrophy
A) A
B) B
C)...

Question 5

________ Caused by dilations of the nephron loops
A) Renal agenesis
B) Nephrogenic cord
C) Metanephric diverticulum
D) Kidney lobes
E) Polycystic kidney

Accepted Answer

Polycystic kidney is caused by dilations of the nephron loops.

Question 6

________ Becomes the median umbilical ligament
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The median umbilical ligament is formed from the urachus, which connects the bladder to the umbilicus during fetal development. In adults, the urachus typically obliterates and forms the median umbilical ligament. In this image, only structure C runs from the bladder to the umbilicus, which is consistent with the location and origin of the urachus. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question 7

________ Corresponds to the epididymis
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The epididymis is a coiled structure located on the posterior side of the testis, which is represented by structure B in the image provided. The other structures (A, C, D, E) do not correspond to the epididymis.

Question 8

________ Degenerates in females
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The image shows a karyotype of a person with Turner syndrome, which is caused by a missing or partially missing X chromosome. This condition only affects females, as they require two X chromosomes for normal development. Choice C shows the missing portion of the X chromosome, which is characteristic of Turner syndrome.

Question 9

________ Opens at the umbilicus
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The umbilicus is located at the midpoint of the abdomen, which corresponds to the location labeled A on the image. Therefore, the opening in question would be at location A.

Question 10

________ Temporary embryonic kidney
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Temporary embryonic kidney
A) A
B) B
C)...

Question 11

________ Mesonephric duct
A) Renal agenesis
B) Nephrogenic cord
C) Metanephric diverticulum
D) Kidney lobes
E) Polycystic kidney

Accepted Answer

The metanephric diverticulum is a structure that arises from the intermediate mesoderm during development and elongates to form the collecting duct system of the kidney. It gives rise to the ureteric bud, which later forms the ureter, renal pelvis, calyces, and collecting ducts. The mesonephric duct, on the other hand, is the precursor to the male reproductive system and does not play a significant role in kidney development. Renal agenesis is the failure of one or both kidneys to form, while nephrogenic cord refers to a mass of cells that will differentiate into nephrons. Kidney lobes and polycystic kidney refer to anatomical or pathological features of the kidney, respectively, and are not directly related to kidney development.

Question 12

________ Oligohydramnios
A) Renal agenesis
B) Nephrogenic cord
C) Metanephric diverticulum
D) Kidney lobes
E) Polycystic kidney

Accepted Answer

Renal agenesis is the absence of one or both kidneys, which can cause a deficiency of amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios) due to the lack of fetal urine production.

Question 13

________ Intermediate mesoderm
A) Renal agenesis
B) Nephrogenic cord
C) Metanephric diverticulum
D) Kidney lobes
E) Polycystic kidney

Accepted Answer

The nephrogenic cord is derived from the intermediate mesoderm and gives rise to the urinary system, including the kidneys and ureters.

Question 14

________ Short tube derived from urogenital sinus and splanchnic mesenchyme
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Short tube derived from urogenital...

Question 15

________ Urachal sinus
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The image shows the anatomical structure of the urinary bladder with the associated umbilical remnants. The arrow in the image points towards a structure known as the urachal sinus, which is a remnant of the embryo's allantois. Among the choices given, only option A corresponds to the urachal sinus. Option B represents the round ligament of the liver, Option C represents the falciform ligament of the liver, Option D represents the ligamentum venosum, and Option E represents the ligamentum teres hepatis.

Question 16

________ Derivative of the paramesonephric duct
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Derivative of the paramesonephric duct
A)...

Question 17

________ Vestigial structure in human embryos
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Vestigial structure in human embryos
A)...

Question 18

________ Becomes median umbilical ligament
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Becomes median umbilical ligament
A) A
B)...

Question 19

________ Composed of endodermal cells
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Composed of endodermal cells
A) A
B)...

Question 20

________ Passes through the inguinal canal
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Passes through the inguinal canal
A)...

Quiz 1: Gametogenesis and Fertilization

________ Source of nephrons

________ Cystic remnant of the urachus

________ External evidence of them disappears during infancy

________ May undergo exstrophy

________ Caused by dilations of the nephron loops

________ Becomes the median umbilical ligament

________ Corresponds to the epididymis

________ Degenerates in females

________ Opens at the umbilicus

________ Temporary embryonic kidney

________ Mesonephric duct

________ Oligohydramnios

________ Intermediate mesoderm

________ Short tube derived from urogenital sinus and splanchnic mesenchyme

________ Urachal sinus

________ Derivative of the paramesonephric duct

________ Vestigial structure in human embryos

________ Becomes median umbilical ligament

________ Composed of endodermal cells

________ Passes through the inguinal canal