Question 1

________ Umbilical arteries
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Umbilical arteries
A) A
B) B
C) C
D)...

Question 2

________ Female with chromatin-negative nuclei
A) 47, XXX
B) 45, XO
C) Trisomy 18
D) Trisomy 21
E) 47, XXY

Accepted Answer

A female with only one X chromosome (45, XO) will have chromatin-negative nuclei due to the absence of a Barr body (inactivated X chromosome). Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 21 are both chromosomal abnormalities involving an extra chromosome, but they do not have a specific impact on chromatin staining. 47, XXX and 47, XXY would have three X chromosomes and an extra X chromosome, respectively, resulting in extra Barr bodies and chromatin-positive nuclei.

Question 3

________ Arteriocapillary venous network
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The arteriocapillary venous network is shown in B, where arteries (A) branch out into capillaries (C) and then merge into veins (D) returning blood to the heart. Option E shows lymphatic vessels which are not a part of this network.

Question 4

________ Antitumor agent and potent teratogen
A) Cytomegalovirus
B) Androgenic agents
C) Thalidomide
D) Toxoplasma gondii
E) Aminopterin

Accepted Answer

Aminopterin,an antitumor agent,is also a potent human teratogen.Methotrexate,a derivative of aminopterin,is also teratogenic.These agents produce a wide range of severe skeletal defects and anomalies of the central nervous system (CNS).Aminopterin may produce meroanencephaly (anencephaly),intrauterine growth retardation,and many other CNS abnormalities.

Question 5

________ Strong association with late maternal age
A) 47, XXX
B) 45, XO
C) Trisomy 18
D) Trisomy 21
E) 47, XXY

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, has a strong association with late maternal age. The risk increases significantly after age 35 and continues to increase with each year of maternal age.

Question 6

________ Fetal capillaries
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Fetal capillaries
A) A
B) B
C) C
D)...

Question 7

________ Syncytiotrophoblast
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Syncytiotrophoblast
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E)...

Question 8

________ Places of attachment to decidua basalis
A) Anchoring villi
B) Cytotrophoblast
C) Amnion
D) Battledore placenta
E) Cotyledons

Accepted Answer

Anchoring villi are the primary sites of attachment of the placenta to the decidua basalis.

Question 9

________ Intracellular parasite often found in cats
A) Cytomegalovirus
B) Androgenic agents
C) Thalidomide
D) Toxoplasma gondii
E) Aminopterin

Accepted Answer

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that commonly infects cats and can be transmitted to humans causing toxoplasmosis.

Question 10

________ Mother may be infected with it by eating poorly cooked meat
A) Cytomegalovirus
B) Androgenic agents
C) Thalidomide
D) Toxoplasma gondii
E) Aminopterin

Accepted Answer

Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite commonly found in undercooked or raw meat. Pregnant women who are infected can pass the parasite to their baby, causing health complications.

Question 11

________ Webbed neck and short stature
A) 47, XXX
B) 45, XO
C) Trisomy 18
D) Trisomy 21
E) 47, XXY

Accepted Answer

Webbed neck and short stature are associated with Turner syndrome (ovarian dysgenesis).These females have 44 autosomes and only 1 X chromosome.In the newborn period,these infants usually exhibit marked edema of the feet and webbing of the neck.The ovaries commonly consist of only connective tissue streaks.This condition is not recognized in many of these girls until they reach puberty (12 to 15 years),at which time they seek medical advice about primary amenorrhea (failure of menstruation to begin)and the lack of secondary sex development.

Question 12

________ Potent teratogen that affects limb development
A) Cytomegalovirus
B) Androgenic agents
C) Thalidomide
D) Toxoplasma gondii
E) Aminopterin

Accepted Answer

Thalidomide was a drug that was given to pregnant women in the 1950s and 1960s to alleviate morning sickness. However, it was later discovered to be a potent teratogen that caused limb development abnormalities in fetuses.

Question 13

________ Normal female appearance and usually fertile
A) 47, XXX
B) 45, XO
C) Trisomy 18
D) Trisomy 21
E) 47, XXY

Accepted Answer

Most females with the triple X chromosome abnormality appear normal and are fertile.These women have two sex chromatin masses in their cells because of the presence of the extra X chromosome.Some triple X females have borne children,all of whom are normal and have normal karyotypes.Most females with four or more X chromosomes are also physically normal but severely retarded.

Question 14

________ Sterile male with chromatin-positive nuclei
A) 47, XXX
B) 45, XO
C) Trisomy 18
D) Trisomy 21
E) 47, XXY

Accepted Answer

Males with chromatin-positive nuclei have Klinefelter syndrome or a related condition.Newborn males appear normal,but the testes remain abnormally small as puberty approaches owing to hyalinization of the seminiferous tubules.Consequently,they are sterile.Secondary sexual characteristics develop poorly,and gynecomastia (enlargement of breasts)may occur.These men typically are tall and eunuchoid and may have a subnormal mentality.

Question 15

________ Mental deficiency (retardation), low-set ears, and early postnatal death
A) 47, XXX
B) 45, XO
C) Trisomy 18
D) Trisomy 21
E) 47, XXY

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 18 is also known as Edwards syndrome, which is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 18. Individuals with Trisomy 18 typically exhibit severe developmental delays, intellectual disability, and characteristic physical features such as low-set ears. Early postnatal death is also common, with many affected individuals passing away within the first year of life.

Question 16

________ The most common numerical autosomal abnormality
A) 47, XXX
B) 45, XO
C) Trisomy 18
D) Trisomy 21
E) 47, XXY

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is the most common numerical autosomal abnormality. It occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in developmental and intellectual delays, as well as certain physical characteristics. The other options listed are also numerical autosomal abnormalities, but they are less common than trisomy 21.

Question 17

________ Branch villus
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Branch villus
A) A
B) B
C) C
D)...

Question 18

________ Mental retardation, simian crease, and heart defect
A) 47, XXX
B) 45, XO
C) Trisomy 18
D) Trisomy 21
E) 47, XXY

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is characterized by mental retardation, a single horizontal crease across the palm (simian crease), and an increased incidence of heart defects.

Question 19

________ May cause masculinization of female fetuses
A) Cytomegalovirus
B) Androgenic agents
C) Thalidomide
D) Toxoplasma gondii
E) Aminopterin

Accepted Answer

Androgenic agents can cause masculinization of female fetuses. These agents can come from sources such as drugs, hormones, or environmental exposures.

Question 20

________ Small es and hyalinization of the seminiferous tubules
A) 47, XXX
B) 45, XO
C) Trisomy 18
D) Trisomy 21
E) 47, XXY

Accepted Answer

The presence of small seminiferous tubules and hyalinization is a characteristic finding in individuals with 47, XXY, also known as Klinefelter syndrome. The other options listed do not typically present with this particular histological finding.

Quiz 1: Gametogenesis and Fertilization

________ Umbilical arteries

________ Female with chromatin-negative nuclei

________ Arteriocapillary venous network

________ Antitumor agent and potent teratogen

________ Strong association with late maternal age

________ Fetal capillaries

________ Syncytiotrophoblast

________ Places of attachment to decidua basalis

________ Intracellular parasite often found in cats

________ Mother may be infected with it by eating poorly cooked meat

________ Webbed neck and short stature

________ Potent teratogen that affects limb development

________ Normal female appearance and usually fertile

________ Sterile male with chromatin-positive nuclei

________ Mental deficiency (retardation) , low-set ears, and early postnatal death

________ The most common numerical autosomal abnormality

________ Branch villus

________ Mental retardation, simian crease, and heart defect

________ May cause masculinization of female fetuses

________ Small es and hyalinization of the seminiferous tubules