Question 1

________ Is formed from the dorsal aorta
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Is formed from the dorsal...

Question 2

________ A cardiac defect in the area of the oval fossa
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ A cardiac defect in the...

Question 3

________ Associated with the first pharyngeal arch cartilage
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Associated with the first pharyngeal...

Question 4

________ Primary ossification center
A) Centrum
B) Epiphysial plate
C) Frontal bone
D) Anterior fontanelle
E) Cartilaginous viscerocranium

Accepted Answer

The primary ossification center is the first area of bone formation in a developing bone and typically occurs in the center of the bone's shaft or centrum.

Question 5

________ Rubella syndrome
A) Ductus arteriosus
B) Septum primum
C) Sixth pharyngeal arch artery
D) Sinus venosus
E) Umbilical vein

Accepted Answer

Patent ductus arteriosus is the most common congenital anomaly of the heart and great vessels associated with maternal rubella infection during the first trimester.

Question 6

________ Forms by intramembranous ossification
A) Centrum
B) Epiphysial plate
C) Frontal bone
D) Anterior fontanelle
E) Cartilaginous viscerocranium

Accepted Answer

The frontal bone is a flat bone of the skull that forms by intramembranous ossification.

Question 7

________ Closes during the second year
A) Centrum
B) Epiphysial plate
C) Frontal bone
D) Anterior fontanelle
E) Cartilaginous viscerocranium

Accepted Answer

The anterior fontanelle,located where the two parietal bones and the halves of the frontal bone meet,usually closes about the middle of the second year.Palpation of this fontanelle during infancy gives information about ossification of the cranium and intracranial pressure.

Question 8

________ Part of the cartilaginous viscerocranium
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Part of the cartilaginous viscerocranium
A)...

Question 9

________ Closes by the end of the seventh embryonic week
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Closes by the end of...

Question 10

________ Constriction of aorta
A) Ductus arteriosus
B) Septum primum
C) Sixth pharyngeal arch artery
D) Sinus venosus
E) Umbilical vein

Accepted Answer

The ductus arteriosus is a muscular tube that connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta in the developing fetus. It allows most of the blood to bypass the lungs, which are non-functional before birth, and enter the systemic circulation instead. After birth, the ductus arteriosus typically constricts and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum, which helps to close the opening between the pulmonary artery and aorta. A failure of the ductus arteriosus to close properly after birth can result in a condition known as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), which can lead to heart failure if left untreated.

Question 11

________ Normally communicates with the right ventricle
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The structure labeled D is the pulmonary trunk, which normally communicates with the right ventricle. A is the aorta, which normally communicates with the left ventricle. B and C are valves that regulate blood flow between the ventricles and their corresponding arteries, but they do not directly communicate with the ventricles. E is the superior vena cava, which returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium, but it does not directly communicate with the ventricles.

Question 12

________ Styloid process
A) Centrum
B) Epiphysial plate
C) Frontal bone
D) Anterior fontanelle
E) Cartilaginous viscerocranium

Accepted Answer

The styloid process of the temporal bone develops by endochondral ossification of part of the dorsal end of the cartilage of the second pharyngeal arch.The cartilages of the first two pairs of pharyngeal arches constitute the cartilaginous viscerocranium.

Question 13

________ Is partly derived from the sinus venosus
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Is partly derived from the...

Question 14

________ Most common cardiac defect
A) Ductus arteriosus
B) Septum primum
C) Sixth pharyngeal arch artery
D) Sinus venosus
E) Umbilical vein

Accepted Answer

VSD is the most common cardiac defect.It may occur with various other cardiac defects (e.g. ,in tetralogy of Fallot).VSD most commonly consists of an opening (1 to 15mm in diameter)in the membranous part of the interventricular septum.

Question 15

________ Forms in the maxillary prominence of the first pharyngeal arch
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Forms in the maxillary prominence...

Question 16

________ Growth of long bones
A) Centrum
B) Epiphysial plate
C) Frontal bone
D) Anterior fontanelle
E) Cartilaginous viscerocranium

Accepted Answer

The epiphyseal plate is a layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis (the area between the diaphysis and epiphysis) of a long bone that allows for growth in length. As chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate divide and mature, they calcify and are replaced by bone tissue, leading to the longitudinal growth of bones.

Question 17

________ Pulmonary valve stenosis
A) Ductus arteriosus
B) Septum primum
C) Sixth pharyngeal arch artery
D) Sinus venosus
E) Umbilical vein

Accepted Answer

Stenosis of the pulmonary tract is one of the four anomalies of the heart and great vessels included in the tetralogy of Fallot.These defects are regarded as the most important of the cardiac defects that produce cyanosis.

Question 18

________ Right ventricular hypertrophy
A) Ductus arteriosus
B) Septum primum
C) Sixth pharyngeal arch artery
D) Sinus venosus
E) Umbilical vein

Accepted Answer

Enlargement and hypertrophy of the right ventricle result from high blood pressure,often resulting from pulmonary stenosis.The narrowing may occur at the infundibulum of the right ventricle,the pulmonary valve,or,less commonly,in the pulmonary trunk.E is also correct,but B is the better answer.

Question 19

________ Overriding aorta
A) Ductus arteriosus
B) Septum primum
C) Sixth pharyngeal arch artery
D) Sinus venosus
E) Umbilical vein

Accepted Answer

Overriding aorta or an aorta arising directly over a VSD,and thus overriding both ventricular cavities,is an essential feature of the tetralogy of Fallot.People with this group of cardiac defects are cyanotic because not enough blood flows to the lungs for oxygenation.As long as the ductus arteriosus remains patent,there is compensatory flow through it from the aorta to the pulmonary arteries.If the ductus closes,as commonly occurs,the deficit in pulmonary circulation increases.

Question 20

________ Partly within the pharyngeal arches
A) Centrum
B) Epiphysial plate
C) Frontal bone
D) Anterior fontanelle
E) Cartilaginous viscerocranium

Accepted Answer

The viscerocranium refers to the bones of the face, which develop partly within the pharyngeal arches during embryonic development. These bones are primarily made of cartilage initially, hence the term "cartilaginous viscerocranium." The other choices listed are not related to the pharyngeal arches or the development of the face.

Quiz 1: Gametogenesis and Fertilization

________ Is formed from the dorsal aorta

________ A cardiac defect in the area of the oval fossa

________ Associated with the first pharyngeal arch cartilage

________ Primary ossification center

________ Rubella syndrome

________ Forms by intramembranous ossification

________ Closes during the second year

________ Part of the cartilaginous viscerocranium

________ Closes by the end of the seventh embryonic week

________ Constriction of aorta

________ Normally communicates with the right ventricle

________ Styloid process

________ Is partly derived from the sinus venosus

________ Most common cardiac defect

________ Forms in the maxillary prominence of the first pharyngeal arch

________ Growth of long bones

________ Pulmonary valve stenosis

________ Right ventricular hypertrophy

________ Overriding aorta

________ Partly within the pharyngeal arches