Question 1

________ Fetal surface of placenta

Accepted Answer

The amnion adheres to the smooth fetal surface of the placenta and is continuous with the epithelial membrane covering the umbilical cord.The umbilical vessels radiate over the fetal surface of the placenta deep to the amnion.

Question 2

________ Stage of initial activity of the fetus

Accepted Answer

The stage of initial activity is during the 8- to 12-week period.By the end of 12 weeks,stroking the lips of a fetus causes it to begin sucking,and if the eyelids are stroked,there is a reflex response.These early movements of the fetus are too slight to be felt by the mother.She usually cannot detect fetal movements until the 17- to 20-week period;these movements-quickening-constitute a positive sign of a living fetus.

Question 3

________ Features of maternal surface of placenta

Accepted Answer

Cotyledons are characteristic features of the maternal surface of the placenta.The placental septa divide the maternal surface into 15 to 30 cotyledons,which gives the expelled placenta a cobblestone appearance.During examination of the placenta after delivery,special attention should be given to determining whether the cotyledons are all present and intact.If they are not all recognizable and complete,placental tissue may still be in the uterus and must be removed.

Question 4

________ Decidua capsularis

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Decidua capsularis
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Question 5

________ Fetus has a good chance of surviving if born prematurely

Accepted Answer

By the 26- to 29-week period,the fetus has a reasonably good chance of surviving if it is born prematurely and is given intensive care;however,the mortality rate usually is high because of respiratory difficulties.The fetus is able to survive primarily because its respiratory and nervous systems have matured to the stage where rhythmic breathing can occur.Capillary proliferation in the lungs becomes active during this period.Before the 26- to 28-week period,the pulmonary vascular bed is unable to accommodate the entire cardiac output and so gas exchange in the lungs may not be adequate to support life.

Question 6

________ Smooth chorion

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Smooth chorion
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Question 7

________ Occurs only in monozygotic twins

Accepted Answer

Monochorionic placenta is a characteristic of monozygotic twins, where they share the same placenta, but have separate amniotic sacs.

Question 8

________ Brown fat begins to form

Accepted Answer

Brown fat begins to form around 20 weeks of gestation in humans.

Question 9

________ Marginal attachment of umbilical cord

Accepted Answer

Battledore placenta refers to a condition where the umbilical cord attaches to the edge of the placenta instead of the middle, resulting in a marginal attachment.

Question 10

________ Syncytial knot

Accepted Answer

The structure shown in the image is a syncytial knot, which is formed by the fusion of multiple syncytiotrophoblasts. The syncytial knot is characterized by the presence of numerous smaller nuclei within a large cytoplasmic mass, which is consistent with the structure labeled as D in the image.

Question 11

________ Fibrinoid material

Accepted Answer

Fibrinoid material is seen in the walls of blood vessels in certain autoimmune diseases such as lupus, and is characterized by the deposition of immune complexes containing antibodies and antigens. In the given image, the material labeled B appears to be deposited in the walls of the blood vessel and has a fibrillar appearance, consistent with fibrinoid material.

Question 12

________ Ensheaths umbilical cord

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Ensheaths umbilical cord
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Question 13

________ Forms part of early placental membrane

Accepted Answer

Cytotrophoblast is a layer of cells that forms part of the early placental membrane. It gives rise to the Syncytiotrophoblast, which is responsible for nutrient exchange between the mother and fetus. Anchoring villi, amnion, battledore placenta, and cotyledons are also structures present in the placenta but are not part of the early placental membrane.

Question 14

________ Decidua parietalis

Accepted Answer

Decidua parietalis is the lining of the uterus that is shed during menstruation. In this image, it is labeled as the layer closest to the uterine cavity, which is A. B is the myometrium, C is the endometrium, and D and E are blood vessels.

Question 15

________ Maternal part of placenta

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Maternal part of placenta
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Question 16

________ Nuclear aggregation

Accepted Answer

At some sites,the syncytiotrophoblast of the placental membrane in mature placentas shows protuberances or sprouts of cytoplasm that contain aggregations of syncytiotrophoblastic nuclei-syncytial knots.Some knots break off and float in the intervillous space.They may pass into the maternal circulation through the uterine veins and lodge in the capillaries of the lungs.This occurrence is not usually considered to be of clinical significance because these nuclear masses are believed to degenerate and disappear.

Question 17

________ Forms on the surfaces of chorionic villi

Accepted Answer

Fibrinoid material forms on the surfaces of chorionic villi in the placenta. This material is composed of fibrin, cellular debris, and other substances, and it helps to anchor the villi to the uterine wall.

Question 18

________ Extends into cervical canal during labor

Accepted Answer

The amniochorionic membrane, also known as the amniotic sac, ruptures during labor and extends into the cervical canal as the baby descends through the birth canal. This is commonly referred to as the water breaking. Separation of placentas and membranes (A) is a rare occurrence in multiple gestations. Fibrinoid material (B) is a substance found in the walls of blood vessels in the placenta. Monochorionic placenta (D) is a single placenta shared by twins. Syncytial knot (E) is a structure found in the placenta, but does not extend into the cervical canal during labor.

Question 19

________ Placental membrane

Accepted Answer

A is the placental membrane, which is the structure that separates maternal and fetal blood in the placenta. B is the maternal blood vessels, C is the intervillous space where maternal blood flows, D is a chorionic villus which contains fetal blood vessels, and E is the syncytiotrophoblast layer which helps facilitate nutrient and gas exchange between maternal and fetal blood.

Question 20

________ Fetal capillary

Accepted Answer

The answer of  ________ Fetal capillary
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Quiz 1: Gametogenesis and Fertilization