Question 1

Projective tests are used mainly to make inferences about a person's

Accepted Answer

Projective tests, such as the Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test, use ambiguous stimuli and open-ended questions to assess a person's personality structure, beliefs, and attitudes. They are not typically used to assess intelligence or detect whether someone is faking good. While some projective tests may provide insight into a person's developmental history, this is not their primary purpose.

Question 2

Deliberately emphasizing negative characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Deliberately emphasizing negative characteristics in order to gain an advantage or benefit is known as malingering.

Question 3

Many personality measures are called objective personality tests because

Accepted Answer

Objective personality tests use standardized scoring systems, which means they always use the same scoring system regardless of who takes the test or who scores it. This helps ensure consistency and reliability in measuring personality traits.

Question 4

Alicia has been referred to a psychologist due to complaints about anxiety.In the interview she reports that her singing teacher complains she is shy and withdrawn.She also reports that she is an active member of her religious community.Contemporary clinical psychologists view this as:

Accepted Answer

Alicia's involvement in her religious community may indicate a support system and a source of coping mechanisms, which could potentially result in less severe symptoms of anxiety. It is not necessarily evidence of multi-informant assessment problems, Alicia being an unreliable informant, or the need for projective tests.

Question 5

_________'s early theories postulated that the unconscious aspect of our personality is something that can be accessed through considerable conscious effort.

Accepted Answer

The reference to the unconscious aspect of personality and accessing it through conscious effort points towards Freud's theories on psychoanalysis and the importance of exploring the unconscious mind through therapy. Jung also had similar theories on the unconscious, but he placed more emphasis on the collective unconscious and archetypes, rather than Freud's emphasis on sexual and aggressive instincts. Wechsler and Rogers were both influential psychologists, but their theories did not focus specifically on the unconscious aspect of personality.

Question 6

Walter Mischel's 1968)literature review of research into the link between personality traits and actual behaviour found

Accepted Answer

Mischel's literature review found a modest correlation between personality traits and actual behavior.

Question 7

In their review of research on self-knowledge,Wilson and Dunn 2004)suggested that we can learn more about ourselves by __________.However,social cognitive research suggests that self-knowledge can be increased by _____________.

Accepted Answer

Wilson and Dunn suggested that introspection is not always the most effective way to gain self-knowledge, as it can lead to biases and inaccuracies in our assessments of ourselves. Social cognitive research, however, has found that attending to how others view us can provide valuable feedback and insight into our own behavior and personality. Additionally, intentional observation of our own behaviors and decisions can help us gain objective and accurate self-knowledge. Therefore, the best choice is B, attending to how others view us and intentionally observing our own behaviors and decisions.

Question 8

Separated parents are in the middle of a difficult custody case.In completing a personality inventory in a custody evaluation,one parent downplays his/her anger management problems.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of "faking good," where an individual attempts to appear more favorable or less problematic than is accurate, especially in contexts like custody evaluations where presenting a positive image is crucial.

Question 9

A person's tendency to consistently behave in a specific way is termed an)

Accepted Answer

Personality trait refers to a person's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that tends to be stable over time and across situations, which distinguishes one individual from others.

Question 10

Current evidence indicates that

Accepted Answer

Current evidence suggests that both situational influences and stable personality traits play significant roles in shaping behavior and interactions. While some aspects of personality may be more influenced by stable traits, others may be more susceptible to situational factors. Overall, it is important to consider both when analyzing human behavior.

Question 11

Which psychologist was instrumental in igniting the person-situation debate by suggesting that situational factors may influence behaviour more than personality?

Accepted Answer

Walter Mischel was instrumental in igniting the person-situation debate by suggesting that situational factors may influence behavior more than personality. He believed that traditional personality theories were too limited and that situational factors needed to be taken into account when studying behavior. This sparked a debate that continues to this day in the field of psychology.

Question 12

Deliberately emphasizing positive characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Deliberately emphasizing positive characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as faking good.

Question 13

Wilson and Dunn's 2004)review of research related to self-knowledge found:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Wilson and Dunn's 2004)review of research related...

Question 14

___________ are comprised of drawings or responses to ambiguous stimuli,and are based on the assumption that responses reveal information about ____________.

Accepted Answer

Projective tests, such as the Rorschach test or the Thematic Apperception test, are comprised of drawings or responses to ambiguous stimuli, and are based on the assumption that the individual's responses reveal information about their personality structure. Behaviour checklists, on the other hand, involve observing and recording the frequency, intensity, or duration of specific behaviors.

Question 15

Research comparing the susceptibility of projective tests and self-reports of personality to faking responses

Accepted Answer

There is mixed evidence in research comparing the susceptibility of projective tests and self-reports to faking responses, and the results are inconclusive. Some studies suggest that projective tests are more easily faked, while others have found that self-report measures are more vulnerable to manipulation. It is important to note that both types of assessments have limitations in detecting faking, and clinicians should consider multiple sources of data when assessing personality.

Question 16

Most personality inventories include validity scales to

Accepted Answer

Validity scales are used to detect whether a person is responding in a socially desirable or socially undesirable way, which may indicate that they are purposely presenting themselves in a positive or negative way. This is important because it can affect the accuracy of the results and the interpretation of the inventory.

Question 17

Most personality tests are based on __________ and are often called ___________ personality tests.

Accepted Answer

Most personality tests rely on self-reporting by the individual being tested, making them subjective. However, some tests are designed with objective measures, such as standardized questionnaires, making them more reliable and valid. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

Question 18

The Test of Memory Malingering,designed to assess exaggeration of memory deficits among individuals with potential ______________,has demonstrated ________ accuracy in identifying malingering.

Accepted Answer

The Test of Memory Malingering is specifically designed to assess exaggeration of memory deficits among individuals with potential neurological impairments, and it has demonstrated high accuracy in identifying malingering.

Question 19

A self-report measure,derived from descriptive characteristics of an experience or an event rather than from personality theories in which the person is asked to rate the frequency,intensity,or duration or particular behaviours or experiences is known as an)

Accepted Answer

A behavior checklist is designed to measure specific behaviors or experiences based on their frequency, intensity, or duration, without relying on underlying personality theories. This approach is more descriptive and direct, focusing on observable or reported behaviors rather than interpreting personality traits.

Question 20

Debate over whether personality traits or contextual factors are more responsible for an individual's behaviour is known as the

Accepted Answer

The debate over whether personality traits or contextual factors are more responsible for an individual's behaviour is known as the person-situation debate. This debate centers on the degree to which an individual's behavior is shaped by their personality traits or the situation they are in. While some psychologists argue that personality traits are the primary cause of behavior, others believe that situational factors play a more dominant role. This ongoing debate has important implications for understanding human behavior and for designing interventions and policies to promote well-being.

Quiz 8: Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures

Projective tests are used mainly to make inferences about a person's

Deliberately emphasizing negative characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as

Many personality measures are called objective personality tests because

Alicia has been referred to a psychologist due to complaints about anxiety.In the interview she reports that her singing teacher complains she is shy and withdrawn.She also reports that she is an active member of her religious community.Contemporary clinical psychologists view this as:

_________'s early theories postulated that the unconscious aspect of our personality is something that can be accessed through considerable conscious effort.

Walter Mischel's 1968) literature review of research into the link between personality traits and actual behaviour found

In their review of research on self-knowledge,Wilson and Dunn 2004) suggested that we can learn more about ourselves by .However,social cognitive research suggests that self-knowledge can be increased by ___.

Separated parents are in the middle of a difficult custody case.In completing a personality inventory in a custody evaluation,one parent downplays his/her anger management problems.This is an example of

A person's tendency to consistently behave in a specific way is termed an)

Current evidence indicates that

Which psychologist was instrumental in igniting the person-situation debate by suggesting that situational factors may influence behaviour more than personality?

Deliberately emphasizing positive characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as

Wilson and Dunn's 2004) review of research related to self-knowledge found:

_ are comprised of drawings or responses to ambiguous stimuli,and are based on the assumption that responses reveal information about __.

Research comparing the susceptibility of projective tests and self-reports of personality to faking responses

Most personality inventories include validity scales to

Most personality tests are based on and are often called _ personality tests.

The Test of Memory Malingering,designed to assess exaggeration of memory deficits among individuals with potential ______,has demonstrated accuracy in identifying malingering.

A self-report measure,derived from descriptive characteristics of an experience or an event rather than from personality theories in which the person is asked to rate the frequency,intensity,or duration or particular behaviours or experiences is known as an)

Debate over whether personality traits or contextual factors are more responsible for an individual's behaviour is known as the

Quiz 8: Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures

Projective tests are used mainly to make inferences about a person's

Deliberately emphasizing negative characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as

Many personality measures are called objective personality tests because

Alicia has been referred to a psychologist due to complaints about anxiety.In the interview she reports that her singing teacher complains she is shy and withdrawn.She also reports that she is an active member of her religious community.Contemporary clinical psychologists view this as:

_________'s early theories postulated that the unconscious aspect of our personality is something that can be accessed through considerable conscious effort.

Walter Mischel's 1968) literature review of research into the link between personality traits and actual behaviour found

In their review of research on self-knowledge,Wilson and Dunn 2004) suggested that we can learn more about ourselves by __________.However,social cognitive research suggests that self-knowledge can be increased by _____________.

Separated parents are in the middle of a difficult custody case.In completing a personality inventory in a custody evaluation,one parent downplays his/her anger management problems.This is an example of

A person's tendency to consistently behave in a specific way is termed an)

Current evidence indicates that

Which psychologist was instrumental in igniting the person-situation debate by suggesting that situational factors may influence behaviour more than personality?

Deliberately emphasizing positive characteristics when completing a personality inventory is referred to as

Wilson and Dunn's 2004) review of research related to self-knowledge found:

___________ are comprised of drawings or responses to ambiguous stimuli,and are based on the assumption that responses reveal information about ____________.

Research comparing the susceptibility of projective tests and self-reports of personality to faking responses

Most personality inventories include validity scales to

Most personality tests are based on __________ and are often called ___________ personality tests.

The Test of Memory Malingering,designed to assess exaggeration of memory deficits among individuals with potential ______________,has demonstrated ________ accuracy in identifying malingering.

A self-report measure,derived from descriptive characteristics of an experience or an event rather than from personality theories in which the person is asked to rate the frequency,intensity,or duration or particular behaviours or experiences is known as an)

Debate over whether personality traits or contextual factors are more responsible for an individual's behaviour is known as the

In their review of research on self-knowledge,Wilson and Dunn 2004) suggested that we can learn more about ourselves by .However,social cognitive research suggests that self-knowledge can be increased by ___.

_ are comprised of drawings or responses to ambiguous stimuli,and are based on the assumption that responses reveal information about __.

Most personality tests are based on and are often called _ personality tests.

The Test of Memory Malingering,designed to assess exaggeration of memory deficits among individuals with potential ______,has demonstrated accuracy in identifying malingering.