Question 1

When she was 4 years old,Inge was sexually abused by her uncle.At 14,Inge felt uncomfortable whenever she saw this uncle but was unable to understand why she felt this way.A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Inge is using the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

Repression is a defense mechanism where a person unconsciously pushes painful memories, thoughts, or emotions into their unconscious to avoid experiencing them consciously. In Inge's case, she may have repressed the memory of her sexual abuse as a child, leading to her discomfort around her uncle without being consciously aware of why.

Question 2

Arjean's opinions are so dependent on what her friends think that she will swallow just about anything they tell her.Freud would have suggested that Arjean demonstrates

Accepted Answer

Freud would have suggested that Arjean demonstrates a fixation, as her behavior indicates an over-reliance on others' opinions, which can be seen as a developmental issue where she is stuck at a certain stage of psychological development.

Question 3

Gender identity refers to

Accepted Answer

Gender identity refers to an individual's sense of their own gender, which may be male, female, or a combination of the two (such as genderqueer or nonbinary). It is not necessarily tied to one's biological sex, socially expected behaviors, or ideals for sexual behavior.

Question 4

One night after he heard his parents arguing,4-year-old Wei had a vivid dream in which he saved his mother from being bitten by a large snake.A psychoanalyst would most likely suspect that Wei's dream reflects a(n)

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, the Oedipus complex is a developmental stage in which children experience unconscious sexual desires for the opposite-sex parent, and may view the same-sex parent as a rival. In Wei's dream, he saves his mother from danger, which could be seen as an expression of his desire to protect and possess her romantically. Therefore, a psychoanalyst would most likely suspect that Wei's dream reflects his unresolved Oedipal complex.

Question 5

Freud suggested that defense mechanisms protect an individual from

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that defense mechanisms are used by the ego to protect an individual from experiencing anxiety or other negative emotions.

Question 6

Freud suggested that orally fixated adults are especially likely to exhibit

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, individuals who experience fixation during the oral stage (birth to 18 months) may develop a personality that is characterized by passive dependence, which can manifest as a need for constant attention or an overly trusting nature.

Question 7

Repression refers to the defense mechanism by which people

Accepted Answer

Repression involves banishing anxiety-arousing thoughts from consciousness. Option A refers to rationalization, option B refers to regression, and option C refers to projection.

Question 8

Gene spends a good deal of time bragging about his numerous sexual exploits.Freud would have suggested that Gene is fixated at the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

Freud's psychosexual stages include the oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital stages. The phallic stage occurs between the ages of 3-6 when a child becomes aware of their genitals and develops sexual feelings toward their opposite-sex parent. Fixation at this stage can lead to sexual promiscuity and excessive bragging about sexual exploits, which is consistent with Gene's behavior. Therefore, the best choice is C) phallic.

Question 9

Ten-year-old Jamie enjoys spending time with her girlfriends and learning in school.According to Freud,Jamie,who is no longer coping with unconscious incestuous sexual feelings,is probably in the ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the latency stage occurs between the ages of 6 and 12. During this stage, the child's sexual energy is suppressed and focused on developing social and intellectual skills. Therefore, Jamie's enjoyment of spending time with her girlfriends and learning in school suggests that she is in the latency stage where her conscious awareness and energy is focused on non-sexual activities.

Question 10

Some psychoanalysts in Freud's era believed that girls experienced unconscious sexual desires for their father during the phallic stage.These feelings,they thought,reflected

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic concept of the Electra complex suggests that during the phallic stage, girls experience unconscious sexual desires for their father and feel competition with their mother. This concept is similar to the Oedipus complex but specific to females.

Question 11

The theory that would most likely predict that boys raised without a father figure will have difficulty developing a strongly masculine gender identity was proposed by

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud proposed the psychoanalytic theory of gender development, which includes the Oedipus complex and castration anxiety as key components. According to this theory, boys identify with their fathers and develop a masculine gender identity through resolving their desire for their mother and fear of castration. Boys raised without a father figure may have difficulty resolving this conflict and developing a strong sense of masculinity.

Question 12

The Oedipus complex is the term used by Freud to describe

Accepted Answer

The Oedipus complex is specifically about boys experiencing feelings of sexual desire for their mother and feeling guilty or fearful of punishment for those feelings. It does not relate to erogenous zones, oral fixation, or efforts to overcome inferiority.

Question 13

Freud suggested that a boy's identification with his father during the phallic stage illustrates

Accepted Answer

The answer of Freud suggested that a boy's identification with...

Question 14

Freud suggested that the process of identification is most directly responsible for strengthening

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, identification is a psychological process through which an individual incorporates the characteristics of another person, usually a parent or authority figure, into their own personality. He suggests that identification plays a key role in the development of the superego, which is the part of the personality that represents internalized moral standards and ideals. Therefore, the correct answer is C) the superego.

Question 15

Freud suggested that the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct pleasure-sensitive areas of the body known as

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct pleasure-sensitive areas of the body known as erogenous zones. These zones include the mouth, anus, and genitals, and are thought to be the primary sources of pleasure and tension reduction for individuals during infancy and early childhood.

Question 16

According to Freud,defense mechanisms are used by the

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies that the ego uses to reduce anxiety by distorting reality and preventing threatening impulses from being consciously recognized. The id is the source of our instincts and desires, while the superego represents our moral and ethical standards. While the superego may produce feelings of guilt, defense mechanisms primarily operate at the level of the ego, not the id or superego.

Question 17

Two-year-old Damien frequently refuses to obey his parents because he derives immense pleasure from demonstrating his independence from their control.Freud would have suggested that Damien is going through the ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two-year-old Damien frequently refuses to obey his...

Question 18

According to Freud,an adult who exhibits biting sarcasm and an exaggerated denial of his or her dependence on others shows signs of

Accepted Answer

The described behavior of biting sarcasm and exaggerated denial of dependence on others is characteristic of a fixation, which is defined as a regression to an earlier stage of psychosexual development. Specifically, Freud believed that such behavior is indicative of an oral fixation, which can develop if a child is weaned from the breast too early or too late. This fixation can manifest in adulthood as a need for constant oral stimulation, or in this case, a need to assert independence and control through biting sarcasm and denial of dependence. Free association is a technique used in psychoanalytic therapy, identification is a defense mechanism, and projection involves attributing one's own thoughts or emotions to others. None of these concepts are directly related to the described behavior.

Question 19

Freud referred to a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage as

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, a fixation is a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage due to unresolved conflicts.

Question 20

According to Freud,boys are most likely to experience the Oedipus complex during the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

The Oedipus complex is a psychoanalytic theory introduced by Freud, which suggests that boys experience sexual desires towards their mother and feel competition with their father during the phallic stage of development. The phallic stage occurs between ages 3 and 6.

Quiz 13: Personality