Question 1

Self-actualized people,as described by Maslow,are LEAST likely to be highly

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualized people have already fulfilled their basic needs and are free to express their individuality and non-conforming nature. Therefore, they are least likely to be highly conforming.

Question 2

Years after his participation in terrifying military combat,Gordon continues to suffer intrusive anxiety-arousing images of his war experiences,which he wishes he could forget.Gordon's experience is most clearly inconsistent with Freud's concept of

Accepted Answer

Freud's concept of repression suggests that disturbing or anxiety-provoking experiences and memories are pushed into the unconscious mind in order to protect the conscious mind from overwhelming anxiety. However, Gordon's continued experience of intrusive war-related memories suggests that his traumatic experiences have not been successfully repressed.

Question 3

Freud's concept of projection is most similar to what today's researchers call

Accepted Answer

The false consensus effect refers to the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors, and is similar to Freud's concept of projection, which involves attributing one's own thoughts, feelings, or impulses to another person. Both concepts involve the projection of internal experiences onto external others.

Question 4

Right-hemisphere brain activity enables a split-brain patient's left hand to carry out instructions the patient cannot verbalize.This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

The scenario described in the question is an example of the concept of unconscious thought, as the patient's left hand is able to carry out instructions without the patient being able to consciously verbalize them due to the split brain condition. The other answer choices are not relevant to this scenario.

Question 5

When Rosalina listens to her friend discuss the difficulty she is having with her boyfriend,she does not tell her what to do but rather mirrors what she says and reflects her feelings.Rosalina is using ________ to help her friend understand the problem.

Accepted Answer

Rosalina is using empathy, which is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person, to help her friend understand the problem. By mirroring what her friend says and reflecting her feelings, Rosalina is showing that she understands and cares about her friend's situation without telling her what to do.

Question 6

Mrs.Sunstedt believes that parents should accept and try to understand their children's feelings and should honestly disclose their own inner feelings to their children.Her approach to parent-child interaction was most explicitly recommended by

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Sunstedt's approach emphasizes empathy, understanding, and honest communication, which are core elements of Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy. The other options (Skinner, Adler, and Jung) do not focus on this specific approach to parent-child interaction.

Question 7

Derek is a third-grade teacher who believes that he should accept his students regardless of their behavioral shortcomings.Derek's attitude toward his students is an example of Carl Rogers' concept of

Accepted Answer

Derek's attitude of accepting his students regardless of their shortcomings aligns with Carl Rogers' concept of unconditional positive regard. This refers to accepting and valuing individuals for who they are, without judgment or conditions, which is a key component of Rogers' humanistic approach to psychology.

Question 8

Abraham Maslow studied the lives of people such as Abraham Lincoln in order to understand the nature of

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow developed a theory of human motivation that emphasizes the need for self-actualization, which is the highest level of development that a person can achieve. He studied the lives of individuals who exhibited qualities of self-actualization, such as Abraham Lincoln, in order to understand the characteristics and conditions that contribute to this level of personal growth.

Question 9

Survivors' vivid memories of Nazi death camp experiences most clearly challenge Freud's concept of

Accepted Answer

Freud's concept of repression suggests that painful or traumatic memories are pushed into the unconscious mind in order to protect the individual from psychological distress. However, survivors' vivid memories of Nazi death camp experiences contradict this concept, as these memories were not repressed but rather remained in the conscious awareness of the survivors.

Question 10

The humanistic perspective emphasized the value of

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective focuses on individual self-determination and personal growth, emphasizing free will and the ability to make choices that shape one's life. This stands in contrast to behaviorism, which emphasizes the role of the environment and external reinforcement in shaping behavior, and the collective unconscious, which is a concept from psychoanalytic theory. Schemas, while relevant to cognitive psychology, are not specifically associated with the humanistic perspective.

Question 11

Carl Rogers referred to an attitude of total acceptance toward another person as

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers referred to an attitude of total acceptance toward another person as unconditional positive regard. This involves accepting and valuing a person without judgment or criticism, which is essential in creating a therapeutic relationship between a counselor and a client.

Question 12

Carl Rogers suggested that ________ is a central feature of personality.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that self-concept, the knowledge and beliefs individuals have about themselves, is a central feature of personality.

Question 13

Rusty is a heavy drinker who overestimates the extent to which other people also engage in heavy drinking.Rusty's overestimate best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Rusty's belief that others also engage in heavy drinking is an example of the false consensus effect, which is the tendency to overestimate the extent to which our attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are shared by others.

Question 14

Preliminary evidence suggests that those who unconsciously identify as homosexual-but who consciously identify as straight-report more negative attitudes toward gays than most people do.This best illustrates the defense mechanism known as

Accepted Answer

The defense mechanism that best explains this phenomenon is reaction formation, which is when a person behaves in a way opposite to their true feelings in order to protect themselves from their own negative emotions. In this case, the individuals may hold negative attitudes towards gays due to their own unconscious identification as gay, but consciously identify as straight to protect themselves from negative emotions associated with their sexuality.

Question 15

Which theorist emphasized that an individual's personal growth is promoted by interactions with others who are genuine,accepting,and empathic?

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers emphasized that an individual's personal growth is promoted by interactions with others who are genuine, accepting, and empathic. This is known as the person-centered approach to therapy, which emphasizes the importance of the client-therapist relationship in facilitating self-discovery and personal growth.

Question 16

Abraham Maslow suggested that those who fulfill their potential have satisfied the need for

Accepted Answer

Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs suggests that once basic physiological and safety needs are met, individuals strive for higher level needs such as love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Self-actualization is the desire to reach one's full potential and achieve personal growth and fulfillment. Therefore, the fulfillment of this need is likely to lead to the fulfillment of one's potential.

Question 17

Mario doesn't feel very positive about himself because he often fails to measure up to his unrealistically high performance aspirations.Mario's predicament is most clearly addressed by an assessment strategy utilized by

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers is known for his person-centered therapy approach, which emphasizes self-acceptance and focuses on the individual's subjective experience. This approach prioritizes the client's self-concept, and aims to help them work towards a more positive and accurate perception of themselves. Mario's struggle with unrealistic performance expectations is therefore likely to be addressed through the person-centered therapy approach.

Question 18

According to Carl Rogers,people who are self-disclosing and open with their own feelings are demonstrating

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of genuineness, which includes the ability to be open and self-disclosing with one's own feelings as well as being authentic and honest in interactions with others.

Question 19

Maslow placed ________ at the base of his hierarchy of needs.

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological needs such as food, water, and shelter are the most fundamental needs that must be met in order for an individual to satisfy higher level needs. Therefore, he placed physiological needs at the base of the hierarchy.

Question 20

Jin is searching for a sense of purpose in life that goes beyond fulfilling her own potential for growth and self-actualization.According to Maslow,Jin is striving for

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes self-transcendence as the highest level of need, which involves finding purpose and meaning beyond oneself, and striving to help others and the world. This aligns with Jin's desire for a sense of purpose beyond her own growth and self-actualization.

Quiz 13: Personality