Question 1

Although the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces,each sees the other country's actions as unreasonable and motivated by evil intentions.This situation best illustrates
A) a social trap.
B) the mere exposure effect.
C) the reciprocity norm.
D) mirror-image perceptions.

Accepted Answer

The scenario of both leaders perceiving the other's actions as unreasonable and driven by evil intentions indicates the presence of mirror-image perceptions, where each sees the other as a mirror reflection of themselves, with no rational explanation for the other's behavior. This can fuel mistrust and lead to further hostility and escalation.

Question 2

Mr.Hughes heard what sounded like cries for help from a swimmer located 30 yards from the ocean shoreline.He continued walking along the beach,however,because he figured that one of the many swimmers in the vicinity would provide help if it was needed.His reaction best illustrates the dynamics involved in
A) social exchange theory.
B) the reciprocity norm.
C) the bystander effect.
D) the mere exposure effect.

Accepted Answer

The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help in an emergency situation when other people are present. Mr. Hughes' decision to not provide help because he assumed someone else would is an example of the bystander effect.

Question 3

Construction worker Wesley Autrey risked his life to rescue a man who had stumbled and fallen onto the subway tracks.Autrey's action is an example of
A) superordinate goals.
B) the mere exposure effect.
C) the reciprocity norm.
D) altruism.

Accepted Answer

Wesley Autrey's action of risking his own life to rescue a stranger on the subway tracks demonstrates altruism, or the selfless concern for the well-being of others. Autrey acted out of a sense of empathy and compassion, without any expectation of reward or personal gain.

Question 4

Which theory best explains why the excitement that lingers after a frightening event can facilitate passionate love?
A) social exchange theory
B) reciprocity norm
C) the two-factor theory
D) equity theory

Accepted Answer

According to the two-factor theory, emotions are composed of both physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. This theory suggests that the residual physiological arousal from a frightening event can be attributed to passion and attraction towards a potential romantic partner. The arousal can be attributed to the potential partner, even if they were not involved in the frightening event, due to a misattribution of arousal. Therefore, the excitement that lingers after a frightening event can facilitate passionate love.

Question 5

People are most inclined to like those who are nearby.This most clearly illustrates the association between ________ and interpersonal attraction.
A) physical arousal
B) beauty
C) equity
D) proximity

Accepted Answer

Proximity refers to geographic or physical closeness. Research has consistently shown that physical proximity is one of the strongest predictors of interpersonal attraction. The more frequently people interact and see each other, the more likely they are to become friends or romantically involved.

Question 6

Initiating one or more small conciliatory acts is a central feature of
A) the reciprocity norm.
B) social exchange theory.
C) the mere exposure effect.
D) GRIT.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Initiating one or more small conciliatory acts...

Question 7

The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people
A) are more likely to help people who are nearby.
B) tend to help those who are most like them.
C) are more likely to become friends with attractive people.
D) experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar.

Accepted Answer

The mere exposure effect refers to the phenomenon that people tend to experience increasing attraction towards novel stimuli as they become more familiar with them.

Question 8

Carolyn and Paul have been married for 30 years and feel a deep attachment;they can't imagine their lives without each other.The attachment they feel is called
A) companionate love.
B) passionate love.
C) the reciprocity norm.
D) mirror-image perceptions.

Accepted Answer

Companionate love is a type of love characterized by a deep attachment and commitment to another person, and typically occurs in long-term relationships. This description fits Carolyn and Paul's relationship as they have been married for 30 years and can't imagine their lives without each other, indicating a strong attachment and commitment. Passionate love is typically associated with intense emotions and infatuation, which may not be as applicable to a long-term marriage. The reciprocity norm and mirror-image perceptions do not accurately describe the type of love present in Carolyn and Paul's relationship.

Question 9

When shopping for a new cell phone,many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have familiar brand names.This preference best illustrates the importance of
A) social traps.
B) the mere exposure effect.
C) mirror-image perceptions.
D) the reciprocity norm.

Accepted Answer

The mere exposure effect is the phenomenon where individuals tend to develop a preference for things that they are familiar with. In this case, shoppers prefer certain cell phone brands because they are familiar with their name, which is an example of the mere exposure effect.

Question 10

After Mrs.Chanski and her children had helped themselves to free samples of the cookies being promoted in the grocery store,she felt obligated to buy some,even though they seemed unreasonably expensive.Her reaction best illustrates the significance of
A) superordinate goals.
B) the reciprocity norm.
C) the bystander effect.
D) diffusion of responsibility.

Accepted Answer

The situation described in the question exemplifies the reciprocity norm, which suggests that we should repay others for what they have given us or done for us. Mrs. Chanski and her children felt obligated to buy the cookies after receiving free samples, even though they were expensive, because they felt like they needed to reciprocate the favor. The other answer choices are not applicable to the situation described.

Question 11

Which of the following is a self-fulfilling prophecy?
A) mutual views that are often held by conflicting people
B) shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
C) a belief that leads to its own fulfillment
D) a perceived incompatibility of actions,goals,or ideas

Accepted Answer

A self-fulfilling prophecy is a belief that leads to its own fulfillment. In other words, the belief influences behavior and actions, which ultimately result in the belief becoming true.

Question 12

Which of the following would be most consistent with a GRIT strategy?
A) announcing that even a small attack on an ally will result in a nuclear attack on the enemy
B) announcing that defense expenditures will be cut by 5 percent and inviting the enemy to do likewise
C) announcing that one has formed an alliance with several countries encircling the enemy
D) announcing that the opposing party's invasion of a neutral country will be challenged in an international court of law

Accepted Answer

A GRIT strategy stands for "Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction". Option B is consistent with a GRIT strategy as it involves offering a small concession (cutting defense expenditures) and inviting the enemy to reciprocate with a similar concession. This approach helps to build trust and establish a cooperative relationship, which is the main goal of a GRIT strategy. Options A, C, and D involve more aggressive or confrontational approaches, which are not consistent with a GRIT strategy.

Question 13

Marcus wants to take down the tree that stands between his yard and Michael's.Michael wants to keep the tree and has hired a lawyer to stop Marcus from having the tree cut down.Marcus and Michael are experiencing
A) a conflict.
B) the mere exposure effect.
C) the reciprocity norm.
D) mirror-image perceptions.

Accepted Answer

Marcus and Michael are in a disagreement over the tree, indicating that there is a conflict between them.

Question 14

Although Natalie receives somewhat greater rewards from her marriage than does her husband,both are satisfied with the relationship because they each benefit in proportion to what they put into it.This best illustrates the significance of
A) equity.
B) social exchange.
C) passionate love.
D) the mere exposure effect.

Accepted Answer

The scenario described in the question is an example of equity in a relationship, where both partners benefit in proportion to what they invest in the relationship. This concept suggests that individuals are satisfied in a relationship when there is a balance between what they give and what they receive.

Question 15

As soon as Marisa met Juan she felt an enormously strong romantic and physical attraction.After their initial date she could not stop thinking about Juan.Marisa interpreted the feeling as "love at first sight," Marisa was
A) feeling companionate love.
B) feeling passionate love.
C) demonstrating the reciprocity norm.
D) experiencing a mirror-image perception.

Accepted Answer

Marisa's strong attraction and interpretation of "love at first sight" indicate that she is feeling passionate love, which is characterized by strong emotions and physical attraction. Companionate love, on the other hand, is a more long-term and stable form of love based on deep affection and commitment. The reciprocity norm is the expectation that people will help those who have helped them, and mirror-image perception is the mutual view of one another held by antagonistic groups. Neither of these concepts accurately describe Marisa's situation.

Question 16

The hostilities between two racial subgroups of a riverfront community were dramatically reduced when the threat of the river flooding its banks required that they work together to save their town.This best illustrates the impact of
A) social exchange theory.
B) superordinate goals.
C) diffusion of responsibility.
D) the bystander effect.

Accepted Answer

The situation described involves the use of a superordinate goal, or a goal that both subgroups can work towards to achieve a common outcome, in order to reduce hostilities between the groups.

Question 17

Four equally attractive women silently attended a 200-student class for zero,5,10,or 15 class sessions.When shown slides of each woman,students in the class rated the women who had attended ________ class sessions as the most attractive.
A) zero
B) 5
C) 10
D) 15

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon can be explained by the mere exposure effect, which suggests that people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them. In this case, the woman who attended 15 class sessions became the most familiar to the students, thereby being rated as the most attractive.

Question 18

Vince,an extraverted university freshman,has just moved into a dormitory.He is most likely to become friends with
A) Alfonse,a junior who is majoring in psychology and lives across the hall.
B) Mohammed,an introverted student who lives on the next floor and enjoys playing chess.
C) James,a lonely sophomore who lives down the hall and is undecided about his major.
D) Bill,his assigned roommate who is majoring in computer science.

Accepted Answer

Given Vince's extraverted nature and the fact that he has just moved into a dormitory, he is most likely to become friends with someone he encounters frequently and shares living space with, which in this case would be Bill, his assigned roommate. Close proximity and shared experiences, such as navigating dorm life together, often facilitate the formation of friendships.

Question 19

To teach his daughters how to swim,Vincent wants to put a swimming pool in his backyard but he doesn't have quite enough room.He needs to use a few yards of his neighbor's lawn,but his neighbor doesn't want to give up the space because it includes a beautiful hibiscus bush.Vincent and his neighbor have argued several times about their opposing goals.They are involved in
A) superordinate goals.
B) a conflict.
C) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
D) the bystander effect.

Accepted Answer

Vincent and his neighbor are in a conflict, as they have opposing goals and have argued several times.

Question 20

When buying groceries,many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand name.This preference BEST illustrates the importance of
A) the self-fulfilling prophecy.
B) the mere exposure effect.
C) mirror-image perceptions.
D) a social trap.

Accepted Answer

The preference for familiar brand names suggests that shoppers have been exposed to those products before and therefore feel more comfortable and trusting of them. This is known as the mere exposure effect, which suggests that we tend to develop a preference for things simply because we are more familiar with them.

Quiz 44: Psychoanalytic Perspective

Although the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces,each sees the other country's actions as unreasonable and motivated by evil intentions.This situation best illustrates

Construction worker Wesley Autrey risked his life to rescue a man who had stumbled and fallen onto the subway tracks.Autrey's action is an example of

Which theory best explains why the excitement that lingers after a frightening event can facilitate passionate love?

People are most inclined to like those who are nearby.This most clearly illustrates the association between ________ and interpersonal attraction.

Initiating one or more small conciliatory acts is a central feature of

The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people

Carolyn and Paul have been married for 30 years and feel a deep attachment;they can't imagine their lives without each other.The attachment they feel is called

When shopping for a new cell phone,many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have familiar brand names.This preference best illustrates the importance of

After Mrs.Chanski and her children had helped themselves to free samples of the cookies being promoted in the grocery store,she felt obligated to buy some,even though they seemed unreasonably expensive.Her reaction best illustrates the significance of

Which of the following is a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Which of the following would be most consistent with a GRIT strategy?

Marcus wants to take down the tree that stands between his yard and Michael's.Michael wants to keep the tree and has hired a lawyer to stop Marcus from having the tree cut down.Marcus and Michael are experiencing

Although Natalie receives somewhat greater rewards from her marriage than does her husband,both are satisfied with the relationship because they each benefit in proportion to what they put into it.This best illustrates the significance of

As soon as Marisa met Juan she felt an enormously strong romantic and physical attraction.After their initial date she could not stop thinking about Juan.Marisa interpreted the feeling as "love at first sight," Marisa was

The hostilities between two racial subgroups of a riverfront community were dramatically reduced when the threat of the river flooding its banks required that they work together to save their town.This best illustrates the impact of

Four equally attractive women silently attended a 200-student class for zero,5,10,or 15 class sessions.When shown slides of each woman,students in the class rated the women who had attended ________ class sessions as the most attractive.

Vince,an extraverted university freshman,has just moved into a dormitory.He is most likely to become friends with

When buying groceries,many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand name.This preference BEST illustrates the importance of