Question 1

The theorist who coined the term extrinsic locus of control to describe people who believe their fate is controlled by outside forces is
A) Martin Seligman.
B) Ellen Langer.
C) Julian Rotter.
D) Meyer Friedman.

Accepted Answer

Julian Rotter is the theorist who coined the term extrinsic locus of control to describe people who believe their fate is controlled by outside forces. Martin Seligman is known for his work on learned helplessness and positive psychology. Ellen Langer is known for her work on mindfulness and aging. Meyer Friedman is known for his work on type A and type B personalities and coronary heart disease.

Question 2

People tend to use emotion-focused coping rather than problem-focused coping when they
A) believe they cannot change a stressful situation.
B) appraise a stressful event as a challenge rather than a threat.
C) are dealing with strangers rather than people they know.
D) are in a good mood.

Accepted Answer

People tend to use emotion-focused coping when they believe they cannot change a stressful situation.

Question 3

Prisoners allowed to move their furniture and adjust their lighting feel less stress.This best illustrates the value of
A) mindfulness.
B) aerobic exercise.
C) perceived control.
D) an external locus of control.

Accepted Answer

The statement about prisoners being allowed to move their furniture and adjust their lighting feeling less stress illustrates the concept of perceived control. Perceived control refers to the belief that one has control over their environment and can take actions to influence outcomes. In this case, allowing prisoners to modify their space gives them a greater sense of control, which can ultimately reduce their stress levels. Options A and B (mindfulness and aerobic exercise) are not directly related to the scenario described, and D (external locus of control) is the opposite of perceived control, as individuals with an external locus of control believe that outcomes are determined by external factors beyond their control.

Question 4

Kathy alleviated the stress of breaking up with her boyfriend in two ways.She avoided contact with her ex-boyfriend and she planned recreational activities with her best girlfriend.Kathy's behavior best illustrates
A) mindfulness.
B) an external locus of control.
C) a Type B personality.
D) emotion-focused coping.

Accepted Answer

Kathy's behavior of avoiding contact with her ex-boyfriend and planning recreational activities with her best girlfriend is an example of emotion-focused coping, where she is attempting to manage her emotional distress caused by the breakup.

Question 5

Mindfulness meditation involves attending to our moment-to-moment experiences in a manner that is
A) aimless.
B) humble.
C) nonjudgmental.
D) emotionally arousing.

Accepted Answer

Mindfulness meditation involves observing our experiences without judgment, which helps us to stay in the present moment and reduces stress and anxiety. The other choices, including aimless, humble, and emotionally arousing, do not accurately describe the goal of mindfulness meditation.

Question 6

The best way to increase the production of serotonin is to
A) avoid emotion-focused coping.
B) develop an external locus of control.
C) engage in aerobic exercise.
D) receive training in meditation.

Accepted Answer

Engaging in aerobic exercise is the best way to increase production of serotonin. Exercise has been shown to stimulate the release of serotonin and other neurotransmitters, leading to improved mood and decreased symptoms of depression and anxiety. A, B, and D do not specifically target serotonin production and may not be as effective in increasing levels of this neurotransmitter.

Question 7

Meyer Friedman and his colleagues used ________ to help Type A heart attack survivors reduce their risk of future attacks.
A) oxytocin
B) relaxation
C) the Innovation Time Off program
D) biofeedback

Accepted Answer

The answer of Meyer Friedman and his colleagues used ________...

Question 8

In research studies,dogs who were able to escape electric shocks experienced
A) emotion-focused coping.
B) personal control.
C) biofeedback.
D) an external locus of control.

Accepted Answer

Dogs who were able to escape electric shocks experienced personal control because they were able to control the outcome of the situation and stop the shock.

Question 9

A healthy lifestyle has been described as a(n)________ that might account for the association of religious involvement and life expectancy.
A) Type A profile
B) intervening variable
C) locus of control
D) mindfulness

Accepted Answer

An intervening variable is a variable that might account for the relationship between two other variables, in this case religious involvement and life expectancy. A healthy lifestyle, which is an example of an intervening variable, could be the reason for the association between religious involvement and life expectancy. The other choices, Type A profile, locus of control, and mindfulness, are not directly related to this association.

Question 10

Although she is intelligent,Abigail believes that her low grades in school are reflections of her own intellectual incompetence.Her conclusion best illustrates
A) problem-focused coping.
B) an internal locus of control.
C) the tyranny of choice.
D) a pessimistic outlook.

Accepted Answer

Abigail's belief that her low grades are a reflection of her own intellectual incompetence is an example of a pessimistic outlook. This type of thinking tends to focus on negative outcomes, sees failures as personal flaws, and can lead to feelings of hopelessness and helplessness.

Question 11

Which of the following may contribute to the stress protection that has been associated with the faith factor?
A) mindfulness meditation
B) a stable worldview
C) biofeedback
D) neurogenesis

Accepted Answer

A stable worldview, often provided by religious faith, can contribute to stress protection by providing a sense of meaning and purpose in life, and helping individuals cope with difficult situations. Mindfulness meditation, biofeedback, and neurogenesis may also have stress-reducing effects, but there is not a strong association between these factors and the faith factor.

Question 12

Practicing ________ has been observed to reduce temporarily the mental energy needed for other tasks.
A) stress appraisal
B) optimism
C) self-control
D) mindfulness meditation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Practicing ________ has been observed to reduce...

Question 13

Religiously active people have ________ socially supportive relationships and ________ lifestyles than those who are not religiously active.
A) fewer;less healthy
B) fewer;healthier
C) more;less healthy
D) more;healthier

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that religiously active people have more social support from their religious communities, which leads to healthier lifestyles. They have a lower risk of engaging in risky behaviors such as drug and alcohol abuse and have higher levels of physical activity and healthy eating habits. Additionally, religiously active people often report higher levels of well-being and emotional support.

Question 14

To reduce the stress of making monthly payments on her high-interest credit card debt,Marci secured a low-interest bank loan and an extra part-time job,which enabled her to quickly pay off her debts.Marci's actions best illustrated
A) a Type A personality.
B) the feel-good,do-good phenomenon.
C) an external locus of control.
D) problem-focused coping.

Accepted Answer

Marci's actions of securing a low-interest bank loan and an extra part-time job to quickly pay off her debts demonstrate problem-focused coping, as she is actively addressing and solving the issue of high-interest credit card debt. This is in contrast to emotion-focused coping, which would involve trying to reduce the stress and discomfort of the situation without necessarily solving the underlying problem. The other options are not applicable to the situation.

Question 15

Marcy believes that the outcome of athletic contests depends so much on luck that it hardly pays to put any effort into her own athletic training.Her belief most clearly illustrates
A) the Type A personality.
B) the faith factor.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) an external locus of control.

Accepted Answer

Marcy's belief that athletic outcomes are mainly determined by luck suggests an external locus of control, meaning she believes external factors (luck) have more control over her athletic success than her own efforts and actions.

Question 16

Kayla has been abused by her husband for years.Feeling that she cannot escape her situation,she has become increasingly depressed and hopelessly resigned to her suffering.Her reaction best illustrates
A) the tyranny of choice.
B) the Type B personality.
C) learned helplessness.
D) problem-focused coping.

Accepted Answer

Kayla's situation is an example of learned helplessness, which is a behavior pattern in which an individual has learned to believe they have no control over their environment and the outcomes they experience. This occurs when someone endures a negative situation for a significant amount of time and perceives that they are unable to change it. In this case, Kayla's years of abuse have led her to feel helpless and resigned to her suffering.

Question 17

In the long run,people who practice resisting the urge to drink too much alcohol or overeat high-fat foods are likely to experience an increase in
A) the feel-good,do-good phenomenon.
B) mindfulness meditation.
C) relative deprivation.
D) self-control.

Accepted Answer

Resisting the urge to overindulge in alcohol or high-fat foods requires self-control. Practicing this over time can increase one's ability to regulate their behavior and impulses, leading to an overall increase in self-control.

Question 18

Feeling liked and encouraged by intimate friends and family members has been found to promote
A) a reduction of natural killer cells.
B) an external locus of control.
C) stronger immune functioning.
D) decreased oxytocin levels.

Accepted Answer

Feeling liked and encouraged by intimate friends and family members promotes stronger immune functioning.

Question 19

Self-control has been described as a(n)________ that might account for the association of religious involvement and life expectancy.
A) optimistic explanatory style
B) intervening variable
C) locus of control
D) form of immune suppression

Accepted Answer

Self-control is an intervening variable, meaning it plays a role in the connection between two other variables (in this case, religious involvement and life expectancy). It is not a form of immune suppression, nor is it related to an optimistic explanatory style or locus of control.

Question 20

Religiously active people tend to live longer than those who are not religiously active.This is known as
A) mindfulness meditation.
B) the faith factor.
C) biofeedback.
D) neurogenesis.

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon of religiously active people living longer is commonly referred to as the faith factor. Mindfulness meditation, biofeedback, and neurogenesis are not specific to this topic.

Quiz 40: Expressed Emotion

The theorist who coined the term extrinsic locus of control to describe people who believe their fate is controlled by outside forces is

People tend to use emotion-focused coping rather than problem-focused coping when they

Prisoners allowed to move their furniture and adjust their lighting feel less stress.This best illustrates the value of

Kathy alleviated the stress of breaking up with her boyfriend in two ways.She avoided contact with her ex-boyfriend and she planned recreational activities with her best girlfriend.Kathy's behavior best illustrates

Mindfulness meditation involves attending to our moment-to-moment experiences in a manner that is

The best way to increase the production of serotonin is to

Meyer Friedman and his colleagues used ________ to help Type A heart attack survivors reduce their risk of future attacks.

In research studies,dogs who were able to escape electric shocks experienced

A healthy lifestyle has been described as a(n) ________ that might account for the association of religious involvement and life expectancy.

Although she is intelligent,Abigail believes that her low grades in school are reflections of her own intellectual incompetence.Her conclusion best illustrates

Which of the following may contribute to the stress protection that has been associated with the faith factor?

Practicing ________ has been observed to reduce temporarily the mental energy needed for other tasks.

Religiously active people have socially supportive relationships and lifestyles than those who are not religiously active.

To reduce the stress of making monthly payments on her high-interest credit card debt,Marci secured a low-interest bank loan and an extra part-time job,which enabled her to quickly pay off her debts.Marci's actions best illustrated

Marcy believes that the outcome of athletic contests depends so much on luck that it hardly pays to put any effort into her own athletic training.Her belief most clearly illustrates

Kayla has been abused by her husband for years.Feeling that she cannot escape her situation,she has become increasingly depressed and hopelessly resigned to her suffering.Her reaction best illustrates

In the long run,people who practice resisting the urge to drink too much alcohol or overeat high-fat foods are likely to experience an increase in

Feeling liked and encouraged by intimate friends and family members has been found to promote

Self-control has been described as a(n) ________ that might account for the association of religious involvement and life expectancy.

Religiously active people tend to live longer than those who are not religiously active.This is known as