Question 1

Nita signed up for a medication trial at the local hospital.She was informed that she would be in the group taking a new diet pill and other groups would be taking a new energy pill.Nita began to notice that her clothes felt different,even though the scale showed no difference in her weight.She continued to feel like she was losing weight.At the end of the 6-week trial she was informed by researchers that she in fact was taking a water pill that would have no effect on weight loss.Nita was in the:

Accepted Answer

Nita was taking a water pill that was given to her as a placebo. The placebo group is the group that receives a harmless substance instead of the actual treatment under study. This helps researchers compare the effects of the treatment with the effects of no treatment.

Question 2

Dr.Trudeau is in the process of a developing a(n)_____ to help standardize participants' experiences and assist researchers in systematically providing instructions to participants.

Accepted Answer

A protocol is a set of guidelines or procedures for a study or experiment. It helps standardize the study procedures and ensure consistency among participants. It also helps researchers provide clear and concise instructions to participants. Adaptive clinical trials involve modifying the study design based on accumulating data, while clinical trials and conditions are broader terms that do not specifically refer to study procedures or instructions.

Question 3

It is very common for manipulation check questions to be embedded within the _____ on a follow-up questionnaire.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is very common for manipulation check...

Question 4

Dr.Hardin is interested in studying eating disorders among first-generation,second-generation,and third-generation immigrants.She has separated her participants into their respective group and interviewed them,as well as provided them with self-report questionnaires to complete.For Dr.Hardin to achieve adequate power for her study what is the minimum number of participants she would need in each generational condition?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Hardin is interested in studying eating disorders...

Question 5

Carmina was developing a study for her introduction to research course and wanted to use a multigroup design.Based on her research question she needs to include a group in which participants believe they are getting some treatment,but in fact are not receiving any treatment.Carmina is considering using a:

Accepted Answer

Carmina's requirement of including a group in which participants believe they are getting some treatment but are not actually receiving any treatment matches the definition of a placebo group. Placebo groups are used to control for the placebo effect, which occurs when participants experience improvement simply because they believe they are receiving a useful intervention, and not because of the intervention itself. The other options, such as an empty control group, experimental group, or baseline group, do not match the criteria that Carmina has specified for her study.

Question 6

Prior to completing any statistical analyses regarding a study's hypotheses it is important to calculate the _____ for each scale used.

Accepted Answer

Prior to conducting statistical analyses, it is important to calculate the reliability of the scales used in the study. Cronbach's alpha is a commonly used measure of internal consistency reliability for scales or questionnaires.

Question 7

_____ provides insight into the reliability of a particular measure for a given sample.

Accepted Answer

Cronbach's alpha is a measure of internal consistency reliability, indicating how closely related a set of items are as a group. It provides insight into the reliability of a particular measure for a given sample. The other options listed are measures of effect size, similarity, or inter-rater agreement and do not address reliability specifically.

Question 8

A general rule is that you should have approximately _____participants per condition to yield adequate power to make predictions based on results.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A general rule is that you should...

Question 9

Which of the following is noted as a key to minimizing systematic differences between multigroup design conditions before a study begins?

Accepted Answer

Random assignment helps to ensure that any systematic differences between groups are distributed evenly and cannot be attributed to pre-existing characteristics of the participants. Removing covariates may help to control for confounding variables, but it does not address the issue of systematic differences between groups. Repeated measure design and cluster sampling are not necessarily relevant to minimizing systematic differences between multigroup design conditions.

Question 10

Which of the following is the appropriate sequence of steps in carrying out a study?

Accepted Answer

Obtaining informed consent is the first step as it is important to ensure that participants fully understand their role in the study and give their voluntary consent to participate. After that, the manipulation can be carried out, followed by the completion of dependent measures to assess the effects of the manipulation.

Question 11

When inputting data into statistical software it is important to ensure that the appropriate data is being placed in the correct cells.Dr.Lure's research assistant is unsure of where to place the following value notations: 1 = control group,2 = stimulant medication,3 = depressant medication.How should the research assistant include this information?

Accepted Answer

The value notations 1 = control group, 2 = stimulant medication, and 3 = depressant medication represent the independent variable. Therefore, they should be included in a column representing the independent variable.

Question 12

Dr.Dupuis has been conducting the same study for multiple years in a row,but never seems to yield enough power to make any predictions based on the study results.Dr.Dupuis has seven experimental conditions based on treatment modalities for personality disorders.What is the total minimum number of participants Dr.Dupuis would need in order to yield adequate power?

Accepted Answer

To achieve adequate power in a study with multiple experimental conditions, a common rule of thumb is to have at least 30 participants per group. With seven experimental conditions, Dr. Dupuis would need at least 30 participants per condition, resulting in a total minimum of 210 participants (30 participants x 7 conditions = 210).

Question 13

Placebo groups are often used in multigroup designs because:

Accepted Answer

Placebo groups help to determine how much of the participants' responses are due to their expectation rather than the treatment itself. This is important in order to have a better understanding of the true effect of the treatment being tested.

Question 14

Jayna recently participated in a study at the local university hospital.As she was waiting in the study's waiting room the staff approached her and apologized for the temperature in the room.She was informed that the temperature of the waiting room would continue to increase because the thermostat was broken and scheduled to be fixed later that week.Researchers provided her with cold beverages and warm beverages as she waited and had her complete some measures while she was waiting to be called.Little did Jayna know that she was already part of the study.There was nothing wrong with the waiting room's temperature and researchers monitored the numbers of beverages she drank and found that she only had cold beverages and noted multiple times how hot and uncomfortable the room was.Jayna was most likely in the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jayna recently participated in a study at...

Question 15

Dr.Herrin was lecturing to his students about random assignment and noted that random assignment is integral to reduce _____ before a study begins.

Accepted Answer

Random assignment is used to reduce systematic error or bias in the study by ensuring that any differences observed between groups are due to the treatment and not other factors. Random assignment helps to ensure that any confounding variables are evenly distributed among groups, thus reducing the potential for systematic error or bias.

Question 16

Dr.Stallworth is developing a new research study and needs to determine the number of participants necessary to achieve adequate power.Dr.Stallworth currently has theorized four experimental conditions in this multigroup design.What is the minimum number of participants Dr.Stallworth would need to yield adequate power?

Accepted Answer

The number of participants needed to achieve adequate power depends on several factors such as the effect size, alpha level, and desired power level. Without knowing these specific parameters, it is difficult to determine the exact number of participants needed. However, multigroup designs typically require larger sample sizes than single-group designs to achieve sufficient power. Therefore, C (120) is the most reasonable answer compared to the other choices.

Question 17

Researchers are inclined to use multigroup designs because there are a number of advantages to such a paradigm.Each of the following is considered an advantage of multigroup design,EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers are inclined to use multigroup designs...

Question 18

Which of the following is the most accurate description of random assignment?

Accepted Answer

Random assignment involves using a randomized method to determine which participants will be assigned to each experimental condition. Option A accurately describes using a random numbers table, which is a commonly used method of random assignment. Options B, C, and D involve non-random methods of assigning participants, such as choosing based on physical characteristics or guessing a number, which would not result in a representative sample and therefore would not be considered random assignment.

Question 19

Dr.Cullen and Dr.Rosen are having a debate on the inclusion of distractor items on the follow-up questionnaire following the completion of their experimental drug study.Dr.Cullen insists that distractor questions are extremely useful in:

Accepted Answer

Dr. Cullen believes that adding distractor questions can help minimize hypothesis-guessing and demand characteristics. This means that participants may be less likely to try to guess what the researchers are looking for and may be less likely to respond in a way that they believe would be socially desirable. By including distractor questions, participants may also be forced to carefully consider their responses and avoid responding quickly or impulsively.

Question 20

Typically,following the completion of a study,participants are ____________ regarding the true purpose of the study.

Accepted Answer

Debriefing is an important ethical practice in research where participants are informed about the true purpose of the study after their participation. This helps to reduce any potential harm caused by deception or misunderstanding and ensures that participants can make informed decisions about their involvement in future research. Informed consent and study protocol are typically provided to participants before they participate in the study, while distractor items are unrelated elements included in a study to distract participants from the true purpose.

Quiz 9: B: Multi-Group Design: Im Feeling Hot, but Is the Earth Hot, Too

Dr.Trudeau is in the process of a developing a(n) _____ to help standardize participants' experiences and assist researchers in systematically providing instructions to participants.