Question 1

When some action must be taken but there is not a clear "right" or "wrong" approach,a person is faced with an ethical dilemma.

Accepted Answer

An ethical dilemma arises when there are conflicting moral obligations, principles or values and there is no clear solution or right approach.

Question 2

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act created the mechanism for governmental supervision of the liquidation of Enron and Arthur Andersen.

Accepted Answer

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was enacted in response to financial scandals, including Enron and Arthur Andersen, to improve corporate governance and financial disclosures, not to supervise their liquidation.

Question 3

A survey of Harvard Business Review subscribers revealed that many ethical dilemmas involve conflicts with superiors,subordinates,and customers.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately reflects the findings of the survey conducted with Harvard Business Review subscribers.

Question 4

A manager who operates in a foreign country with the premise that ethical behaviour is always determined by its cultural context is adopting a perspective of universalism.

Accepted Answer

A manager who adopts a perspective of universalism believes that ethical standards are the same across all cultures and contexts, regardless of cultural differences. A manager who believes that ethical behaviour is determined by its cultural context is adopting a perspective of cultural relativism.

Question 5

Making sure that everyone knows wrongdoing will be punished whenever it is discovered is an appropriate method for dealing with the rationalization that "no one will ever know about the unethical behaviour."

Accepted Answer

Making sure of punishment for unethical behavior will act as a deterrent for individuals to engage in such behavior, negating the rationalization that it will go unnoticed.

Question 6

A key issue in dealing with whether a situation is ethical or not is the risk of public disclosure.

Accepted Answer

The risk of public disclosure can impact the perception of whether a situation is ethical or not. If there is a chance that the public will find out about a questionable action or decision, it may be scrutinized more closely and judged as unethical. Therefore, the risk of public disclosure is an important factor to consider when evaluating the ethics of a situation.

Question 7

The conditions that raise the ethics intensity of a situation include the magnitude,probability,and immediacy of any potential harm,the proximity and concentration of the effects,and social consensus.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The conditions that are mentioned in the statement can make a situation more ethically intense.

Question 8

Ethical imperialism is the attempt to externally impose one's ethical standards on others.

Accepted Answer

Ethical imperialism refers to the practice of imposing one's ethical standards on others who may have different cultural or religious beliefs. This can be seen as a form of cultural domination and can lead to resentment and resistance from the affected parties.

Question 9

The virtues of honesty,fairness,integrity,and self-respect provide ethical frameworks that help people make correct decisions even when circumstances are ambiguous and situational pressures are difficult.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The virtues of honesty,fairness,integrity,and self-respect provide ethical...

Question 10

Factors influencing ethical managerial behaviour include the person,the employing organization,and the external environment.

Accepted Answer

Ethical managerial behaviour is influenced by various factors, including the personal values and beliefs of the manager, the ethical standards and policies of the organization they work for, and the external environment in which they operate. These factors can impact the decisions and actions of managers, leading them to act in an ethical or unethical manner.

Question 11

Ethics intensity or issue intensity indicates the degree to which an issue or situation is recognized to pose important ethical challenges.

Accepted Answer

Ethics intensity or issue intensity refers to the extent or degree to which an issue or situation is perceived or recognized to pose significant ethical challenges. It is an important concept in business ethics, as it helps to identify and prioritize ethical issues based on their potential impact on various stakeholders.

Question 12

An ethical framework is a personal rule or strategy for making ethical decisions.

Accepted Answer

An ethical framework is a set of principles or guidelines that an individual or group uses to make ethical decisions. It is a personal tool that helps individuals navigate complex ethical dilemmas and make decisions that align with their values and beliefs.

Question 13

The behaviour of supervisors and the expectations of peers are organizational factors that influence ethical behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The behaviour of supervisors and the expectations of peers can influence employees to follow ethical standards or to engage in unethical behaviour. Organizational culture and values also play a significant role in promoting ethical behaviour.

Question 14

Keeping a safe workplace;creating a corporate culture that values employees,customers,and suppliers;and producing safe products and services are universal core values that respect human dignity.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true as it emphasizes on the importance of respecting human dignity through maintaining a safe workplace, valuing stakeholders, and producing safe products and services.

Question 15

Environmental factors that affect the ethical standards of an organization and its employees include social norms and values,competition within an industry,and governmental laws and regulations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Environmental factors that affect the ethical standards...

Question 16

Core values or "hyper-norms" that transcend cultural boundaries focus on human dignity,basic rights,and good citizenship.

Accepted Answer

Core values or "hyper-norms" such as human dignity, basic rights, and good citizenship are universal and transcend cultural boundaries.

Question 17

Ethical dilemmas frequently involve conflicts of interest,issues of customer confidence,or use of organizational resources,but seldom concern discrimination or sexual harassment.

Accepted Answer

Discrimination and sexual harassment can definitely be ethical dilemmas in the workplace, and it is important for individuals and organizations to address and prevent these issues.

Question 18

The results of a Harvard Business Review survey indicated that the ethical issue most frequently encountered by the magazine's subscribers involved dishonesty in communication with subordinates.

Accepted Answer

The survey indicated that the most frequently encountered ethical issue was dishonesty in communication with customers, not subordinates.

Question 19

Personal factors such as religious values and family influences have little effect on managerial ethics,whereas personal standards and needs have a great deal of impact on managerial ethics.

Accepted Answer

Personal factors such as religious values and family influences can play a significant role in shaping a manager's ethical beliefs and behavior. Additionally, personal standards and needs can also have an impact, but it is not accurate to say that they have a greater influence than other personal factors. Overall, multiple personal factors can contribute to the development of managerial ethics.

Question 20

An ethical dilemma occurs when there is a situation that offers potential benefit or gain and is also unethical.

Accepted Answer

An ethical dilemma occurs when a situation involves conflicting moral principles or values, where choosing one option would result in violating another principle or value. This can happen in situations where there is a potential benefit or gain, but that gain would come at the expense of behaving unethically. Examples of ethical dilemmas include conflicts of interest, confidentiality, and honesty in the workplace.

Quiz 4: Ethics, Social Responsibility and Sustainability