Question 1

Where in the body do we find the greatest storage of potential energy?
A)muscle glycogen
B)blood glucose
C)muscle protein
D)body fat

Accepted Answer

Body fat is the largest storage of potential energy in the body. It is stored in adipose tissue and can be utilized for energy when needed. Muscle glycogen and blood glucose are also sources of energy, but their storage capacity is much smaller compared to body fat. Muscle protein is not a significant source of energy storage, as protein is primarily utilized for building and repairing tissues in the body.

Question 2

Which of the following BEST describes how ATP provides energy to the body's cells?
A)Energy is released when a phosphate group is cleaved from the ATP molecule.
B)Energy is released when two molecules of ATP combine.
C)Energy is released when ATP is transported out of the cell membrane.
D)Energy is released when adenosine binds to three phosphate molecules.

Accepted Answer

When one of the phosphate groups is cleaved from the ATP molecule through hydrolysis, energy is released and can be used by the body's cells. This leaves behind ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and a free phosphate group, which can then be regenerated back to ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 3

Elisa is a gymnast who trains on average for two hours each day. She supports her daily activity by consuming 2,500 kilocalories per day. What is the minimum number of kilocalories she should consume from carbohydrates?
A)1,050 kcal
B)1,125 kcal
C)1,580 kcal
D)1,790 kcal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Elisa is a gymnast who trains on...

Question 4

Jorge is a weight lifter who believes that consuming large amounts of protein-rich foods will increase his muscle mass. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Jorge's protein needs?
A)It is a good practice for Jorge to consume a minimum of 2 grams of protein/kilogram of body weight to increase his muscle mass.
B)Jorge cannot meet his protein needs without taking protein supplements.
C)It is impossible for Jorge to get adequate amounts of protein without eating meat, fish, and poultry.
D)Jorge can meet his protein needs by consuming a healthy, balanced diet that is calorically sufficient to meet his activity level.

Accepted Answer

Jorge can meet his protein needs by consuming a healthy, balanced diet that is calorically sufficient to meet his activity level. Consuming excessive amounts of protein does not necessarily lead to increased muscle mass, as the body has limits in its ability to synthesize new muscle tissue. Furthermore, there are many plant-based sources of protein that can be included in a healthy diet, so it is not necessary for Jorge to consume meat, fish, or poultry if he chooses not to. Protein supplements may be used if necessary to help meet protein needs, but they are not essential.

Question 5

Andrea thinks that carbohydrate loading could be beneficial to her. Which of the following statements is FALSE about this practice?
A)Carbohydrate loading is appropriate in endurance activities such as a marathon.
B)Carbohydrate loading may cause water retention.
C)Carbohydrate loading maximizes glycogen stores.
D)Carbohydrate loading is helpful for moderately intense physical activity to maintain fitness.

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate loading is generally only recommended for endurance activities such as marathons or triathlons where the body needs to maintain a high level of energy for a prolonged period of time. It may cause water retention due to the increased carbohydrate intake, and it is designed to maximize glycogen stores in the body. However, it is not necessary or helpful for moderately intense physical activity to maintain fitness.

Question 6

Fatty-acid molecules provide MOST of the energy for
A)high-intensity, short-term activity.
B)long-term activity such as hiking.
C)participation in a marathon.
D)sprinting in a 1500-meter race.

Accepted Answer

Fatty-acid molecules are the primary source of energy for long-term, endurance activities such as hiking, as opposed to high-intensity, short-term bursts of energy like sprinting or a 1500-meter race.

Question 7

At rest, the body's fuel source is primarily
A)protein.
B)carbohydrate.
C)fat.
D)amino acids.

Accepted Answer

At rest, the body's fuel source is primarily fat. When the body is at rest, it doesn't require a lot of energy to perform simple tasks like breathing or regulating body temperature. Therefore, it primarily relies on stored fat to fuel these activities. Protein and amino acids are typically only used as a fuel source when the body is in a state of starvation or extreme exercise, while carbohydrates are more commonly used as a fuel source during physical activity or periods of increased energy demand.

Question 8

Which of the following ergogenic aids has been banned in the United States?
A)creatine
B)gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)
C)chromium
D)carnitine

Accepted Answer

Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) has been banned in the United States due to its high risk of side effects and potential for abuse as a recreational drug. Creatine, chromium, and carnitine are legal and commonly used as ergogenic aids.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of carbohydrate loading?
A)water retention
B)gastrointestinal distress
C)diarrhea
D)improved performance

Accepted Answer

Improved performance is actually a benefit of carbohydrate loading, not a side effect. The other three options (water retention, gastrointestinal distress, and diarrhea) are all potential side effects of consuming a large amount of carbohydrates in a short amount of time.

Question 10

Some athletes believe that caffeine can enhance athletic performance because it has been shown to
A)increase muscle flexibility and strength.
B)increase the use of fatty acids as a fuel source.
C)regenerate ATP for energy.
D)increase the transport of amino acids to exercising muscle.

Accepted Answer

Caffeine has been shown to increase the use of fatty acids as a fuel source during exercise, allowing for greater endurance and energy production. It does not directly impact muscle strength or flexibility, ATP regeneration, or amino acid transport.

Question 11

When does the body experience the highest rates of glycogen storage?
A)at rest
B)during high-intensity exercise
C)a few hours after exercising
D)30 hours after exercising

Accepted Answer

The body experiences the highest rates of glycogen storage a few hours after exercising. This is because during exercise, glycogen stores are depleted, and in the post-exercise period, the body tries to replenish the depleted stores. Studies have shown that glycogen synthesis is most efficient in the first few hours after exercise, and this period is known as the "glycogen window." Therefore, consuming carbohydrates during this period can enhance glycogen storage in the muscles.

Question 12

George plays basketball for his high school team, and he is concerned that he is not consuming enough kilocalories to support his activity. Which of the following would be the BEST indicator that he is not consuming adequate kilocalories?
A)impaired performance on the court
B)weight loss
C)low blood glucose levels
D)low hemoglobin

Accepted Answer

Weight loss would be the best indicator that George is not consuming adequate kilocalories to support his basketball activity. As he is burning a significant amount of calories during his games and practices, not consuming enough calories would result in a deficit that could cause him to lose weight. Impaired performance on the court could also be an indication of inadequate fueling, but it could also be caused by other factors such as lack of sleep or poor conditioning. Low blood glucose levels and low hemoglobin levels are not necessarily indicators of inadequate kilocalorie intake, as they could be caused by other factors as well.

Question 13

In physical activity lasting less than one hour, the MOST appropriate fluid replacement is
A)plain water.
B)orange juice.
C)Kool-Aid.
D)sports drinks.

Accepted Answer

Plain water is the most appropriate fluid replacement for physical activity lasting less than one hour. Sports drinks, Kool-Aid and orange juice contain added sugars which can lead to dehydration and may not be necessary for short periods of physical activity.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a reason fat becomes an energy source for trained athletes?
A)increases the number and activity of various enzymes involved in fat metabolism
B)improves the ability of muscles to store fat
C)improves the ability to extract fat from the blood during exercise
D)replaces carbohydrates as an energy source during prolonged, intense training

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 15

What is the cause of sports anemia?
A)low blood hemoglobin levels
B)poor dietary intake of iron-rich foods
C)increased plasma volume due to training
D)dehydration

Accepted Answer

Sports anemia is a common condition seen in athletes, particularly endurance athletes. It is characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin levels and a decrease in red blood cell mass. Contrary to popular belief, sports anemia is not caused by a lack of dietary iron intake, but rather by an increase in plasma volume due to training. This dilutes the concentration of red blood cells in the blood, leading to the appearance of anemia. This condition is generally harmless and resolves on its own once the athlete adjusts to his or her training regimen.

Question 16

Petra is a long-distance track athlete who would like to optimize her glycogen stores. If she weighs 132 pounds, what is the minimum amount of carbohydrate she should consume to achieve this goal?
A)250 grams
B)290 grams
C)360 grams
D)800 grams

Accepted Answer

To optimize glycogen stores, athletes are recommended to consume 8-12 grams of carbohydrates per kilogram of body weight. For Petra, this would be between 528-792 grams of carbohydrates. However, since the question asks for the minimum amount, we can calculate based on the lower end of the range, which would be 8 grams per kilogram of body weight. This would amount to 528 grams of carbohydrates. Converting this to pounds, we get approximately 360 grams of carbohydrates. Therefore, the correct answer is choice C.

Question 17

The major fuel source used by the working muscle during long-duration physical activity is
A)amino acids.
B)fatty acids.
C)glycogen.
D)glucose.

Accepted Answer

During long-duration physical activity, the major fuel source used by the working muscle is fatty acids. Fatty acids are stored in adipose tissue and can be broken down into usable energy in the form of ATP, which is necessary for muscle contractions. While glycogen and glucose are also used for energy, they are typically depleted after about 90 minutes of exercise, leaving fatty acids as the primary source of fuel during longer periods of physical activity. Amino acids are used primarily for protein synthesis and not as a significant source of energy during exercise.

Question 18

Which of the following BEST describes Dr. Barry Sears's Zone Diet?
A)high-carbohydrate diet designed for noncompetitive athletes
B)high-protein diet designed for competitive athletes
C)high-fat diet designed for competitive athletes
D)high-protein diet designed for noncompetitive athletes

Accepted Answer

The Zone Diet, created by Dr. Barry Sears, is a high-protein diet designed for competitive athletes. The diet emphasizes balancing the right amount of carbohydrates, protein, and fat in each meal to achieve a state of hormonal balance, which is believed to help improve athletic performance and overall health.

Question 19

In which of the following events would carbohydrate loading NOT be beneficial?
A)weight lifting
B)distance swimming
C)cross-country skiing
D)marathon

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate loading is not as important for activities that require short, intense bursts of energy such as weight lifting. It is more beneficial for endurance activities such as swimming, skiing, and marathons.

Question 20

Why are the B vitamins especially important to an athlete?
A)Carbohydrates are a poor source of the B vitamins.
B)During exercise large amounts of the B vitamins are lost in the urine.
C)The B vitamins are directly involved in energy metabolism.
D)Active athletes cannot eat a sufficient amount of calories to meet the RDAs for the B vitamins.

Accepted Answer

The B vitamins are directly involved in energy metabolism, which is essential for athletes to perform at their best. B vitamins help convert carbohydrates into energy, and athletes rely heavily on carbohydrate sources for fuel during exercise. Additionally, B vitamins are water-soluble and not readily stored in the body, so athletes may need higher amounts to replace losses during metabolism and sweat.

Quiz 12: Nutrition and Physical Activity: Keys to Good Health

Where in the body do we find the greatest storage of potential energy?

Which of the following BEST describes how ATP provides energy to the body's cells?

Elisa is a gymnast who trains on average for two hours each day. She supports her daily activity by consuming 2,500 kilocalories per day. What is the minimum number of kilocalories she should consume from carbohydrates?

Jorge is a weight lifter who believes that consuming large amounts of protein-rich foods will increase his muscle mass. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Jorge's protein needs?

Andrea thinks that carbohydrate loading could be beneficial to her. Which of the following statements is FALSE about this practice?

Fatty-acid molecules provide MOST of the energy for

At rest, the body's fuel source is primarily

Which of the following ergogenic aids has been banned in the United States?

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of carbohydrate loading?

Some athletes believe that caffeine can enhance athletic performance because it has been shown to

When does the body experience the highest rates of glycogen storage?

George plays basketball for his high school team, and he is concerned that he is not consuming enough kilocalories to support his activity. Which of the following would be the BEST indicator that he is not consuming adequate kilocalories?

In physical activity lasting less than one hour, the MOST appropriate fluid replacement is

Which of the following is NOT a reason fat becomes an energy source for trained athletes?

What is the cause of sports anemia?

Petra is a long-distance track athlete who would like to optimize her glycogen stores. If she weighs 132 pounds, what is the minimum amount of carbohydrate she should consume to achieve this goal?

The major fuel source used by the working muscle during long-duration physical activity is

Which of the following BEST describes Dr. Barry Sears's Zone Diet?

In which of the following events would carbohydrate loading NOT be beneficial?

Why are the B vitamins especially important to an athlete?