Question 1

A cingulotomy would most likely be used to treat which of the following disorders or problems?

Accepted Answer

A cingulotomy is a neurosurgical procedure that involves targeting and ablating (destroying) a small region of the cingulate cortex in the brain. This procedure has been used to treat severe cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that do not respond to other treatments. It is not typically used to treat schizophrenia, violent behavior, or antisocial personality disorder.

Question 2

According to the text,the two elements that are combined in the treatment of behaviour disorders are a helping relationship and some kind of technique or intervention.

Accepted Answer

The text states, "The combination of a helping relationship and some kind of technique or intervention has been found to be effective in the treatment of behaviour disorders."

Question 3

All of the following are negative side effects associated with the use of lobotomies EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Grotesque facial and tongue movements are typically associated with tardive dyskinesia, a side effect of certain psychiatric medications, not with lobotomies. Lobotomies are more commonly associated with seizures, memory and reasoning impairment, and stupor and listlessness.

Question 4

All mental-health professionals must graduate from psychology graduate school program with either a master's degree or a Ph.D.

Accepted Answer

Mental-health professionals can also obtain a degree in other fields such as social work, counseling, or psychiatry.

Question 5

A company offers its employees a class in stress management and relaxation techniques in the hopes that it will ultimately help employees by eliminating the environmental causes of behaviour disorders.Such an intervention program would best be classified as an example of:

Accepted Answer

The stress management and relaxation techniques class is aimed at addressing the external factors that may be contributing to behaviour disorders, making it an example of situation-focused prevention. It is focused on creating a supportive and positive work environment to prevent the development of behaviour disorders in employees.

Question 6

Justine has been successfully treated with a series of electroconvulsive therapy treatments for ___________________.

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is primarily used to treat severe depression that has not responded to other forms of treatment such as medication or therapy.

Question 7

The primary assumption behind the initial use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)was that epilepsy and ____________ rarely occur in the same person.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary assumption behind the initial use...

Question 8

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)is often used for depression when:

Accepted Answer

ECT may be used when there is a high risk of suicide as it can offer a rapid and effective treatment option. It is typically considered when other treatments have not been successful, as it can have significant side effects such as confusion and memory loss. ECT is not typically used for dysthymia or anxiety disorders, and it is usually avoided in cases of mania as it can make the symptoms worse.

Question 9

One of the problems associated with deinstitutionalization is related to the fact that the majority of hospital admissions involve people who have previously been hospitalized.This is called:

Accepted Answer

The revolving door phenomenon is the term used to describe the pattern of patients being discharged from a hospital, only to return shortly after. In the case of deinstitutionalization, this problem arises because many patients who are discharged are not provided with adequate community support and resources to maintain their mental health and wellness, leading to a cycle of readmissions to the hospital. The other answer choices do not accurately reflect this phenomenon.

Question 10

Transferring the primary focus of treatment for patients suffering from extreme and chronic mental disorders from the hospital to the community is the primary goal of __________.

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalization was a movement in the 1960s to transfer the care of individuals with severe and chronic mental disorders from large psychiatric hospitals to community-based settings. This movement aimed to improve the quality of life for patients and reduce the stigma associated with institutionalization. Social skills training, interpersonal therapy, and behavior modification are specific types of treatments that may be used in community settings as part of the deinstitutionalization process, but they are not the primary goal.

Question 11

The promising new medication called clozapine is an antipsychotic drug that does not appear to produce the negative symptoms that are common with other drugs of this type that contribute to ____________.

Accepted Answer

Tardive dyskinesia is a common negative side effect of antipsychotic drugs, including the older generation drugs, that can produce involuntary movements such as lip smacking, tongue protrusion, and motor tics. Clozapine has been found to be effective in treating schizophrenia without producing tardive dyskinesia. Options A, B, and C are not related to the negative symptoms commonly seen with antipsychotic drugs.

Question 12

Inadequate funding of community-based mental-health treatment facilities has resulted in:

Accepted Answer

The inadequate funding of community-based mental-health treatment facilities has resulted in a growing population of disturbed and homeless people. Without adequate access to treatment and support, individuals with mental health issues may struggle to maintain stable housing and may experience barriers to employment, leading to homelessness.

Question 13

A lobotomy and a cingulotomy are both particular types of:

Accepted Answer

Both lobotomy and cingulotomy are forms of psychosurgery, which involves the surgical alteration of the brain to treat mental disorders. A lobotomy involves disconnecting certain areas of the frontal lobes from the rest of the brain, while a cingulotomy targets the cingulate gyrus, a structure involved in regulating emotions.

Question 14

Though initially created for use with schizophrenia,electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)is best suited for individuals suffering from _______________.

Accepted Answer

Though ECT was originally used for schizophrenia, it has been found to be most effective for treating severe depression that has not responded to other treatments.

Question 15

After having tried numerous pharmacological treatments and years of unsuccessful psychotherapies,as a last resort attempt to treat her unbearable obsessive-compulsive disorder,Janis agreed to a(n)__________________.

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy, brain transplants, and lobotomies are not commonly used as treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cingulotomy, on the other hand, is a surgical procedure that involves creating small lesions in the cingulate gyrus of the brain to reduce OCD symptoms. It is often used as a last resort when other treatments have been unsuccessful.

Question 16

Which of the following would best be classified as an example of competency-focused prevention?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would best be...

Question 17

In order to reduce the effects of psychological disorders,prevention might include:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order to reduce the effects of...

Question 18

Prefrontal lobotomies were originally used to treat people suffering from:

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal lobotomies were primarily used to treat people with psychotic and violent behavior, such as those with schizophrenia or severe mood disorders, in the mid-20th century. It was believed that by severing the connections between the prefrontal cortex and the rest of the brain, the patient's aggressive and bizarre behaviors would improve.

Question 19

The impetus for the deinstitutionalization movement came from:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The impetus for the deinstitutionalization movement came...

Question 20

A cingulotomy is a last-resort treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder and involves:

Accepted Answer

A cingulotomy involves severing a bundle of nerve fibres that connect the frontal lobes with the limbic system. This last-resort treatment is typically only recommended after other treatments, such as therapy and medication, have failed to improve symptoms. Options A and D are not accurate descriptions of a cingulotomy, and while anti-anxiety drugs may be used in conjunction with this procedure, they are not the primary treatment method.

Quiz 17: Treatment of Psychological Disorders