Question 1

Observing yourself on a video replay is most likely to increase your tendency to attribute your behavior to

Accepted Answer

Observing yourself on a video replay is likely to increase your awareness of your own behavior, which may lead you to attribute it to stable personality traits. This is known as self-perception theory, which suggests that we infer our own attitudes and traits from our behavior and the context in which it occurs.

Question 2

The fundamental attribution error is likely to lead observers to attribute a stranger's

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to overemphasize dispositional factors (such as personality traits) and underestimate situational factors (such as the context or environment) when explaining someone else's behavior. In this case, attributing a stranger's act of kindness to a compassionate personality reflects this error, as it implies that their behavior was primarily driven by their inherent tendencies rather than the situation or context in which the behavior occurred. Options A, C, and D also involve making attributions about someone's behavior, but they do not necessarily reflect the fundamental attribution error. For example, a lack of employment could be attributed to a weak economy because this is a situational factor that affects many people, not just the individual in question.

Question 3

Instead of providing arguments in favor of a political candidate,ads may build political support by associating pictures of the candidate with emotion-evoking music and images.This strategy best illustrates

Accepted Answer

This strategy best illustrates peripheral route persuasion, which involves influencing attitudes through non-rational factors such as emotion, authority, or attractiveness, rather than through the logical or rational arguments of central route persuasion.

Question 4

We are NOT likely to make the fundamental attribution error if we observe someone

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overemphasize dispositional (personality) explanations for someone's behavior and ignore situational factors. By observing someone in a variety of situations, we are more likely to recognize the influence of situational factors and avoid making this error. The other options (B, C, and D) relate to extraneous factors that are not directly related to the error itself.

Question 5

On the first day of class,Tamara's professor gives brief and abrupt answers to students' questions.Tamara thinks that her new professor is rude.This ________ will likely influence her to act negatively toward her professor.

Accepted Answer

Tamara's perception of her professor's behavior as rude is an attitude formed based on her initial experience with him. This attitude is likely to influence her behavior toward him in a negative way.

Question 6

Attitudes,which predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects,people,and events,

Accepted Answer

Attitudes are often influenced by our beliefs, as they are shaped by our experiences, values, and cultural background. Situational attributions are explanations we make for behavior based on the circumstances, while roles are the expected behaviors of a particular social position. Cognitive dissonance occurs when we have conflicting beliefs or behaviors, resulting in discomfort and a desire to change either the belief or behavior.

Question 7

Compared with central route persuasion,peripheral route persuasion tends to

Accepted Answer

Peripheral route persuasion occurs more rapidly than central route persuasion because it relies on cues such as the speaker's attractiveness or the use of catchphrases, rather than logical arguments, to influence the audience. However, it is generally less durable and less likely to influence behavior in the long run. Option A and D are incorrect because central route persuasion tends to result in more enduring attitude changes and involve a greater number of logical arguments. Option C is incorrect because central route persuasion is more likely to influence behavior in the long run.

Question 8

Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior.

Accepted Answer

Attitudes refer to belief-based feelings about people, objects, and ideas, which can guide behavior. Roles and personality attributions are not the same as attitudes. Situational attributions are not related to attitudes.

Question 9

Emma is very unhappy with her last psychology exam score.Which of the following attributions is she most likely to use?

Accepted Answer

Emma is most likely to use an external attribution in this situation. Blaming the exam's difficulty indicates that she is attributing the cause of her poor performance to a factor outside of herself. The other options are internal attributions, which suggest that Emma believes her own personal qualities or behaviors are responsible for her exam score.

Question 10

Mia feels that fast-food restaurants are an unhealthy source of food and has protested against the building of a new restaurant in her neighborhood.Mia's feeling about fast-food restaurants is an example of

Accepted Answer

Mia's feeling about fast-food restaurants is an attitude, which refers to a relatively enduring evaluation of something (in this case, her negative evaluation of fast-food restaurants as being unhealthy). The other options do not accurately describe Mia's situation. The foot-in-the-door phenomenon refers to the tendency for people to comply with a small request and then be more likely to comply with a larger request later on. A situational attribution involves explaining someone's behavior in the context of the situation or environment, rather than their internal disposition. Role-playing involves adopting the behaviors and attitudes of a particular role, such as pretending to be a different character in a play.

Question 11

After reflecting on the power of choice,participants in experiments became increasingly less likely to attribute income inequality to

Accepted Answer

Reflecting on the power of choice would lead participants to acknowledge that situational influences play a role in the outcomes that people experience, including income inequality. Therefore, they would become less likely to attribute income inequality solely to personality traits or role-playing.

Question 12

Our explanations of our own admirable actions are ________ likely to involve situational attributions than our explanations of our own shameful actions.Our explanations of our own actions performed long ago are ________ likely to involve personality attributions than our explanations of our own very recent actions.

Accepted Answer

For admirable actions, we are more likely to attribute them to our situational factors, like luck or external circumstances, rather than our personality. On the contrary, for shameful actions, we tend to attribute them to our personality traits like selfishness or stupidity. This is known as self-serving bias. As for the timing of the action, for very recent actions, we are more likely to attribute them to situational factors as they are more salient, while for past actions, we have limited information and hence more likely to attribute them to stable personality traits.

Question 13

The fundamental attribution error is most likely to occur when we explain an instance of

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fundamental attribution error is most likely...

Question 14

Poverty and unemployment have been explained in terms of personal traits by ________ and in terms of situational influences by ________.

Accepted Answer

Political conservatives tend to explain poverty and unemployment in terms of personal responsibility and lack of effort, while political liberals emphasize situational factors such as systemic inequality and lack of opportunity.

Question 15

In explaining the actions of people we do not know well,we often demonstrate

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overemphasize dispositional explanations (internal factors such as personality traits or beliefs) for others' behavior and underestimate situational factors. This is a common way of explaining the actions of people we do not know well, as we may not have enough information about the situation they are in.

Question 16

Opinion change resulting from a thoughtful focus on the content of arguments illustrates

Accepted Answer

Central route persuasion involves a thoughtful consideration of the content of an argument, leading to a change in opinion based on the strength and logic of the argument. In contrast, peripheral route persuasion relies on superficial cues such as the attractiveness or credibility of the person delivering the message. The other options (B, C, and D) are not directly related to opinion change resulting from thoughtful consideration of arguments.

Question 17

You would most likely commit the fundamental attribution error in explaining why

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error involves overestimating the influence of personality and underestimating the influence of situations when explaining others' behaviors. In choice C, attributing the waiter's lack of smile to his personality (e.g., being unfriendly) rather than situational factors (e.g., having a bad day) exemplifies this error. Choices A, B, and D involve explaining one's own behaviors, where people are more likely to consider situational factors.

Question 18

Researchers filmed two people interacting with a camera behind each person.Then they showed each person a replay of their interaction-filmed from the other person's perspective.This reversed participants' attributions of the behaviors.Seeing the world from the actor's perspective,the observers

Accepted Answer

Seeing the world from the actor's perspective helps observers better appreciate the situational factors influencing behavior, reducing the tendency to attribute behavior solely to personality.

Question 19

Peripheral route persuasion involves

Accepted Answer

Peripheral route persuasion involves being influenced by superficial and unimportant cues such as the attractiveness of the speaker. This route does not involve careful thinking or consideration of evidence and arguments.

Question 20

Carol is restless during class because her professor's distressed facial expressions lead her to believe that he dislikes teaching.The professor,on the other hand,is distressed because he sees Carol's restlessness as an indication that she lacks any motivation to learn.At this point,both student and professor should be informed of the dangers of

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error occurs when people attribute others' behavior to internal characteristics rather than external situations. In this scenario, both the student and professor are making attributions about each other's behavior, rather than considering the external factors that may be causing it. Thus, informing them about the fundamental attribution error can help them understand that there may be other factors at play that are causing their respective behaviors.

Quiz 11: Social Psychology