Question 1

A therapist who uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods is said to be

Accepted Answer

An eclectic therapist uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods, choosing the most appropriate approach for each individual client. Client-centered therapists focus on the client's goals and perspective, humanistic therapists emphasize personal growth and self-actualization, and psychodynamic therapists focus on unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences.

Question 2

Which form of psychotherapy has had especially good results in treating phobias and compulsions?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral conditioning therapies, such as exposure therapy and systematic desensitization, have been shown to be highly effective in treating phobias and compulsions by gradually and safely exposing individuals to feared stimuli or situations. These therapies aim to help individuals learn new, healthier responses to their anxiety and reduce avoidance behaviors. Interpersonal psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, and client-centered therapy are not typically used to treat phobias and compulsions.

Question 3

Who emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy. He believed that the therapist should provide empathy and unconditional positive regard in order to create a safe and supportive environment for the client to explore their emotions and experiences. Active listening involves not only hearing what the client is saying, but also responding in a way that demonstrates understanding and encourages further exploration.

Question 4

Many physicians did not realize that bleeding was an ineffective treatment for typhoid fever until researchers made effective use of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many physicians did not realize that bleeding...

Question 5

Cognitive therapy is most likely to

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy emphasizes the importance of clients' personal interpretations of life events, and focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns that contribute to emotional distress.

Question 6

Which of the following drugs is most likely to provide schizophrenia patients with some relief from their auditory hallucinations and paranoia?

Accepted Answer

Thorazine is an antipsychotic medication that is commonly used to treat schizophrenia symptoms such as auditory hallucinations and paranoia. Xanax is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety disorders and not primarily effective in treating schizophrenia. Lithium is typically used to treat bipolar disorder and has not been found to be as effective in treating schizophrenia symptoms. Prozac is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used to treat depression and has no indication for treating schizophrenia symptoms.

Question 7

Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with

Accepted Answer

Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). rTMS, antipsychotic drugs, and SSRIs do not require general anesthesia or muscle relaxants.

Question 8

A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks.The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The therapist's approach of repeatedly exposing Rebecca to the feared object (water) in a controlled and gradual manner is characteristic of exposure therapy. This is a common approach for treating phobias or anxiety disorders. Stress inoculation training involves teaching individuals coping skills to manage stress and anxiety, often through relaxation techniques or cognitive restructuring. Aversive conditioning involves pairing an unpleasant stimulus with a behavior in order to decrease the behavior's frequency. Client-centered therapy is a form of therapy focused on providing a supportive and nonjudgmental environment for clients to explore their thoughts and feelings.

Question 9

Which of the following factors is NOT a therapeutically effective component of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing?

Accepted Answer

Rapidly moving one's eyes, by itself, is not considered a therapeutically effective component of EMDR. The effectiveness of EMDR is thought to be related to the processing of traumatic memories, the therapeutic environment, and the patients' belief in the treatment's efficacy, rather than the eye movements alone.

Question 10

Systematic desensitization is a form of

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a type of exposure therapy that involves gradually exposing the individual to the feared object or situation in a controlled and safe manner, while using relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety. A is incorrect because aversive conditioning involves pairing a stimulus with an aversive or unpleasant stimulus to decrease the frequency of a particular behavior. C is incorrect because stress inoculation training involves teaching individuals coping skills and strategies to manage stress and anxiety. D is incorrect because although cognitive-behavioral therapy may include systematic desensitization as a technique, it is a broader form of therapy that includes an emphasis on changing cognitive distortions and beliefs.

Question 11

Considering the greatest range of factors that may contribute to the process of healing is most clearly facilitated by a ________ approach to therapy.

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach recognizes that healing involves a complex interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors. It takes into account the entire person and their unique experiences, rather than just focusing on one aspect (such as the body or the mind) in isolation. This approach is therefore more likely to result in comprehensive and effective healing.

Question 12

Because she mistakenly believes that the herbal remedy she is using will help her lose weight,Mrs.Redding is feeling a considerable reduction in her appetite.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes the placebo effect, as Mrs. Redding's belief in the effectiveness of the herbal remedy is reducing her appetite even though the remedy itself may not have any real effect on weight loss.

Question 13

Classical psychoanalysis most specifically involves

Accepted Answer

Classical psychoanalysis involves interpreting the meaning of patients' resistance to therapeutic procedures, which typically involves resistance to acknowledging unconscious conflicts and emotions. The other options are not specific to classical psychoanalysis.

Question 14

If a patient suffers uncontrollable seizures,physicians can destroy specific nerve clusters that cause or transmit the convulsions.This best illustrates a procedure known as

Accepted Answer

The procedure described involves destroying specific nerve clusters, which is a form of psychosurgery. The other options (rTMS, deep-brain stimulation, and electroconvulsive therapy) do not involve the destruction of nerve clusters.

Question 15

Which of the following is an important component of therapeutic lifestyle change promoted by Stephen Ilardi and his colleagues?

Accepted Answer

Stephen Ilardi and his colleagues promote therapeutic lifestyle changes that include regular aerobic exercise as an important component in treating depression. rTMS and deep-brain stimulation are other methods of treatment for depression, and Ativan is a medication commonly used to treat anxiety but not depression.

Question 16

Which of the following is a selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

Prozac is a selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor (SSRI), commonly used to treat depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders. Xanax is a benzodiazepine, lithium is a mood stabilizer and Thorazine is an antipsychotic.

Question 17

While focusing on several intrusive thoughts that had been bothering her recently,Jenny was instructed by her therapist to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts.Jenny's therapist was making use of a technique known as

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using the technique of free association, which involves verbally reporting any thoughts or memories that come to mind when focusing on a particular topic or thought. This technique is often used in psychoanalytic therapy to explore unconscious thoughts and emotions.

Question 18

The most effective psychotherapists are those who

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that the therapeutic relationship between the therapist and client is one of the most important factors in successful psychotherapy. Therapists who are empathic, warm, and caring create a safe and supportive environment for their clients to explore their thoughts and emotions. This bond also helps clients feel more comfortable disclosing personal information, which can expedite the therapeutic process.

Question 19

Nancy's therapist encourages her to think about her strengths rather than her weaknesses and to develop a habit of thanking others when they compliment her or provide emotional support.The therapist's approach best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The therapist's approach to encourage Nancy to focus on her strengths and develop a habit of thanking others aligns with the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy, which emphasizes changing negative thought patterns and behaviors to improve psychological well-being.

Question 20

Which of the following is likely to lead to inflated client perceptions of the effectiveness of their psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

The placebo effect occurs when a person experiences improvement in their symptoms due to the belief that the treatment they are receiving is effective, even if the treatment itself has no active ingredient or therapeutic value. This can lead to inflated client perceptions of the effectiveness of their psychotherapy. Randomized clinical trials, evidence-based practice, and meta-analysis are all methods of evaluating the effectiveness of psychotherapy, rather than factors that contribute to inflated perceptions of its effectiveness.

Quiz 17: Therapy