Question 1

Who emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process. He believed that transference occurs when the patient redirects feelings from their past relationships onto the therapist, which can provide insight into the patient's unconscious desires and conflicts. Freud saw transference as a crucial aspect of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy.

Question 2

Preventive mental health is based on the assumption that psychological disorders result from

Accepted Answer

Preventive mental health focuses on identifying and addressing stressful social situations that may contribute to the development of psychological disorders. While repressed impulses and conflicts, abnormal personality traits, and long-term potentiation may play a role in some disorders, they are not the primary focus of preventative mental health strategies.

Question 3

During her weekly therapy sessions,Sabrina will often abruptly shift the focus of her attention and lose her train of thought.A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates

Accepted Answer

The abrupt shift and loss of focus may be seen as a form of resistance, which is commonly observed in psychoanalytic therapy. Resistance refers to the client's unconscious efforts to block or avoid certain thoughts, feelings, or memories that may be painful or threatening. The therapist may use this resistance as a valuable source of information to explore deeper underlying issues. Choices A, B, and D are not relevant in this context.

Question 4

Connie is a 20-year-old who is stressed by the financial challenges and heavy workload associated with being a full-time college student.Which of the following would most likely help her to avoid or minimize episodes of depression?

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic lifestyle changes such as exercise, healthy eating, and stress reduction techniques have been shown to be effective in preventing and treating depression. Token economy, systematic desensitization, and aversive conditioning are not relevant or appropriate interventions for addressing stress and depression in a college student.

Question 5

In a home for troubled youth,adolescents receive large colored buttons when they hang up their clothes,make their beds,and come to meals on time.The adolescents return the buttons to staff members to receive bedtime snacks or watch TV.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes a token economy in which desired behaviors are reinforced with tokens (colored buttons) that can be exchanged for rewards (bedtime snacks or TV time). This is a commonly used behavior modification technique in which a desired behavior is reinforced with a tangible reward.

Question 6

People whose life history includes some adversity often come to enjoy better mental health and well-being than those who have never faced any significant adversity.This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic growth refers to positive psychological changes and growth that can result from experiencing trauma or adversity. This phenomenon suggests that individuals who have faced significant adversity can experience improved mental health and well-being as a result of their experiences, potentially leading to greater resilience and personal growth. This concept is supported by research in the field of positive psychology.

Question 7

Antidepressant drugs,a fresh perspective on his problems,and a strong therapeutic alliance all contributed to helping David recover from major depressive disorder.An integrated understanding of David's recovery process is best provided by

Accepted Answer

This question is asking for the best understanding of David's recovery process. The most comprehensive way to understand any mental health issue is through a biopsychosocial approach, which takes into account biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to an individual's experiences. While antidepressant drugs (a biological treatment) and a strong therapeutic alliance (a psychological factor) played a role in David's recovery, it is important to also consider any social factors that may have contributed. Therefore, the biopsychosocial approach is the best option.

Question 8

More than 9 in 10 New Yorkers,although stunned and grief-stricken by the 9/11 terrorist attack,did not have a dysfunctional stress reaction.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The fact that most New Yorkers did not have a dysfunctional stress reaction in the aftermath of 9/11 suggests their resilience, the ability to cope adaptively with stress and adversity. Systematic desensitization is a type of therapy used to treat anxiety disorders, tardive dyskinesia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary movements, and resistance refers to the patient's unwillingness to cooperate in treatment.

Question 9

The goal of stress inoculation training is to reduce incapacitating anxiety by encouraging people to say positive things to themselves during anxiety-producing situations.This best illustrates a form of

Accepted Answer

The goal of stress inoculation training is to reduce anxiety by encouraging individuals to restructure their negative thoughts and replace them with positive cognitive statements. This approach is characteristic of cognitive therapy, which seeks to modify maladaptive thoughts in order to alleviate psychological distress.

Question 10

Which of the following procedures has typically resulted in patients becoming permanently lethargic?

Accepted Answer

A lobotomy involves the removal or damage to a portion of the brain, which can result in permanent changes to a person's behavior and personality, including lethargy. Deep-brain stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation are all procedures that can affect brain activity, but they do not typically result in permanent lethargy.

Question 11

Aerobic exercise,adequate sleep,light exposure,and social engagement are important components of

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise,adequate sleep, light exposure, and social engagement are important components of therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC), which is a comprehensive approach to addressing mental health and well-being. TLC aims to improve not only symptoms but also overall quality of life by promoting healthy habits and behaviors. TLC has been found to be effective in treating a range of mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder.

Question 12

Which of the following is one of the goals promoted in training programs for therapeutic lifestyle change?

Accepted Answer

Anti-rumination is one of the goals promoted in training programs for therapeutic lifestyle change, which involves learning strategies to reduce negative and repetitive thought patterns. Long-term potentiation, deep-brain stimulation, and neurogenesis are all neurological processes that are not directly targeted by these training programs.

Question 13

To help Janet overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate,a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter-tasting substance.This approach to treatment best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using aversive conditioning by pairing the chocolate with a bitter-tasting substance to make the chocolate less appealing and to decrease Janet's craving for it.

Question 14

Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapists prioritize creating a non-judgmental, accepting atmosphere in therapy in order to foster trust and encourage clients to open up about their experiences.

Question 15

To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs,a therapist encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog.The therapist's technique best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The therapist's technique of encouraging Adam to physically relax and then imagine walking towards a friendly and harmless little dog is an example of systematic desensitization. This therapy is a form of behavior therapy that gradually exposes individuals to the feared object or situation, while pairing this exposure with relaxation techniques to reduce the fear and anxiety associated with it. The goal is to help the individual replace their fear response with a relaxation response over time.

Question 16

Surgically cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain is called

Accepted Answer

Surgical cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain is called a lobotomy. Psychopharmacology refers to the study of drugs that affect behavior, ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) uses electric shocks to induce seizures and is used as a last resort for severe depression, and neurogenesis refers to the process of new neural cell formations in the brain.

Question 17

Cancer survivors who develop a fresh delight in their children and who begin to savor the joy of each new day best illustrate

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic growth refers to positive changes that can occur as a result of struggling with challenging life circumstances, such as surviving cancer. This can include a renewed appreciation for life, greater resilience, and increased personal growth. The renewed delight in children and savoring of each new day is an example of posttraumatic growth. Psychopharmacology (A) refers to the study of drugs that affect mental processes and behaviors, while tardive dyskinesia (B) is a side effect of some antipsychotic medications that can result in involuntary movements of the face and body. Long-term potentiation (D) is a process by which neural connections can strengthen with repeated stimulation. None of these choices adequately explain the renewed appreciation for life and increased joy in children that cancer survivors may experience.

Question 18

Which approach would attempt to minimize psychological disorders by working to alleviate the conditions that cause child abuse and illiteracy in society?

Accepted Answer

Preventive mental health focuses on addressing and resolving the societal conditions that contribute to mental health disorders, such as poverty, child abuse, and lack of education. By targeting these root causes, the hope is to minimize the prevalence of psychological disorders in society. Biomedical therapy, psychopharmacology, and psychosurgery all primarily focus on treating existing mental health disorders rather than preventing them from occurring in the first place.

Question 19

Which psychosurgical procedure was designed to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients?

Accepted Answer

Lobotomy, also known as a prefrontal lobotomy, was the psychosurgical procedure designed to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. It involved severing the connections between the prefrontal cortex and the rest of the brain. However, it had many negative side effects and is no longer used.

Question 20

Research and social action designed to create environments that support psychological health best defines the focus of

Accepted Answer

Community psychology focuses on promoting well-being and psychological health through research and social action targeted at improving the environments and social structures in which people live. This involves community-level interventions and collaborations with community organizations to promote mental health and prevent mental illness. Psychiatry focuses more on the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness through medication and therapy. Psychopharmacology is the branch of psychiatry that focuses specifically on the use of medication to treat mental illness. Clinical psychology is a broader field that includes the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness as well as other areas such as research, assessment, and interventions for a wide range of psychological issues. While clinical psychology may also involve community-level interventions, it is not the primary focus of the field.

Quiz 17: Therapy