Question 1

Myeloma is a cancer that originates in which bone marrow cell?
A) T cell
B) Megakaryocyte
C) Plasma cell
D) Stem cell

Accepted Answer

Myeloma is a cancer that originates in the plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies.

Question 2

Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized by:
A) pain resulting from joint and muscle inflammation.
B) muscle pain in the back and gastrointestinal symptoms.
C) neurologic pain in the skeletal muscles.
D) diffuse pain, fatigue, and point tenderness.

Accepted Answer

Fibromyalgia is characterized by diffuse pain, fatigue, and point tenderness, particularly at specific tender points on the body. It is not primarily caused by joint or muscle inflammation, nor is it associated with back pain and gastrointestinal symptoms or neurologic pain.

Question 3

The pattern of bone destruction indicative of an aggressive malignant tumor is known as a:
A) moth-eaten pattern.
B) permeative pattern.
C) geographic pattern.
D) radial pattern.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The pattern of bone destruction indicative of...

Question 4

A 46-year-old male presents with severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the right big toe. He was diagnosed with gouty arthritis. The symptoms he experienced are caused by the crystallization of _____ within the synovial fluid.
A) purines
B) pyrimidines
C) uric acid
D) acetic acid

Accepted Answer

Gouty arthritis is caused by the formation of urate crystals in the joints due to elevated levels of uric acid in the blood. Uric acid is a waste product that is normally excreted by the kidneys, but in some individuals, it can accumulate and form crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. Purines and pyrimidines are nucleotide bases found in DNA and RNA, but they are not directly involved in the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis. Acetic acid is a weak organic acid that has no known association with gout or joint inflammation.

Question 5

A 46-year-old male presents with severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the right big toe. He was diagnosed with gouty arthritis. He is at risk for developing:
A) cholelithiasis.
B) myocarditis.
C) renal disease.
D) liver failure.

Accepted Answer

Gouty arthritis is caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints, and if left untreated, it can lead to chronic kidney disease and eventually renal failure. It is important to monitor renal function in patients with gout, especially those with recurrent episodes or tophi (deposits of uric acid crystals under the skin). While gout may increase the risk of cholelithiasis (gallstones), myocarditis, and liver failure, these conditions are not directly caused by gout or its treatment.

Question 6

A 34-year-old female was recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Physical examination revealed that inflammation started in the:
A) synovial membrane.
B) articular cartilage.
C) subchondral bone.
D) surrounding ligaments.

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that primarily affects the synovial membranes of joints, leading to joint destruction and deformity. Inflammation in the synovial membrane causes the release of enzymes that degrade cartilage and bone, leading to erosion and deformity of the joint. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Question 7

A 13-year-old female is admitted to the hospital for evaluation and treatment of an osteosarcoma in her left distal femur. Which statement best describes osteosarcoma?
A) Myelogenic, develops in red bone marrow only
B) Benign, develops in spongy bone tissue
C) Collagenic, originates in the periosteum
D) Osteogenic, most often develops in the bone marrow

Accepted Answer

Osteosarcoma is an osteogenic tumor, meaning it develops in the bone tissue or bone marrow. It is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that can spread to other areas of the body. It is most commonly found in long bones, such as the femur or tibia.

Question 8

A 29-year-old male was recently diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis. He is interested in obtaining more information about his disease. Patient teaching would include all of the following statements except:
A) a diagnosis is made from history, physical examination, x-rays, and genetic analysis.
B) inflammation of the fibrocartilage in cartilaginous joints results in the erosion of bone structure, scar tissue formation, and joint fusion.
C) the more common signs and symptoms of early disease include restricted joint movement and increased pain after physical activity.
D) the usual treatment includes antiinflammatory and analgesic medications, exercises, and physical therapy.

Accepted Answer

In ankylosing spondylitis, pain and stiffness are typically worse after periods of inactivity, such as in the morning or after rest, and improve with physical activity, not increase.

Question 9

A malignant tumor of skeletal muscle tissue origin is called:
A) myofibrosarcoma.
B) giant cell tumor.
C) rhabdomyosarcoma.
D) rhabdomyoma.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A malignant tumor of skeletal muscle tissue...

Question 10

A 32-year-old male was injured in a motor vehicle accident and confined to bed for 3 weeks. During this time, the size and strength of muscle fibers decreased, a condition referred to as:
A) myodysplasia.
B) ischemic atrophy.
C) disuse atrophy.
D) deconditioning hypoplasia.

Accepted Answer

Disuse atrophy is a condition that occurs due to lack of use or immobility of muscle fibers, leading to a decrease in their size and strength. It is often seen in individuals who are bedridden or have been immobilized due to injury or illness. Myodysplasia, ischemic atrophy, and deconditioning hypoplasia are not accurate medical terms for this condition.

Question 11

A 60-year-old male presents with swelling and pain in the knee. CT reveals a cartilage-forming tumor. His diagnosis would be:
A) chondrosarcoma.
B) rhabdosarcoma.
C) hyalinoma.
D) fibrosarcoma.

Accepted Answer

The description of a cartilage-forming tumor and the patient's age are consistent with a diagnosis of chondrosarcoma, which is a malignant bone tumor that arises from cartilage cells. Rhabdosarcoma is a malignant tumor that arises from skeletal muscle cells, hyalinoma is a benign tumor that arises from hyaline cartilage, and fibrosarcoma is a malignant tumor that arises from fibrous tissue.

Question 12

Myotonia is characterized by:
A) prolonged depolarization of muscle cell membranes.
B) absence of ATP for muscle contraction.
C) delayed muscle contraction.
D) hyperactive reflexes.

Accepted Answer

Myotonia is a condition where there is a delay in muscle relaxation after contraction, resulting in prolonged muscle stiffness or tension. It is caused by a defect in muscle cell membrane ion channels, specifically the chloride channel or sodium channel, which leads to an inability to quickly repolarize the cell membrane after depolarization. This results in a prolonged depolarization of the muscle cell membrane, which leads to the characteristic myotonic stiffness.

Question 13

Which of the following people is at highest risk for the development of gout?
A) Men age 40 to 50 years
B) Premenopausal women
C) Male adolescents
D) Female children

Accepted Answer

Gout is more common among men than women, and the risk of developing gout increases with age. Men between the ages of 40 and 50 are at the highest risk for developing gout.

Question 14

A 32-year-old female presents to her physician asking for something to ease her pain. She was previously diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Her pain is most likely caused by:
A) inflammation.
B) autoimmune destruction of muscle tissue.
C) alterations in pain tolerance.
D) increased levels of peripheral neurotransmitters.

Accepted Answer

Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas. The exact cause is unknown, but studies suggest that alterations in pain processing and pain tolerance are involved in the development of fibromyalgia. Additionally, patients with fibromyalgia may have abnormal levels of neurotransmitters involved in pain processing, including serotonin, norepinephrine, and substance P. Inflammation or autoimmune destruction of muscle tissue are not typically seen in fibromyalgia.

Question 15

A 51-year-old male experienced severe acute gouty arthritis. Which of the following is the most common trigger for the symptoms?
A) Trauma
B) Anemia
C) High-fat foods
D) Lack of exercise

Accepted Answer

Trauma is the most common trigger for gout symptoms.
Trauma is the most common trigger for gout symptoms.Gout is not manifested by anemia.
Trauma is the most common trigger for gout symptoms.Gout is not caused by high-fat foods,but high purine.
Trauma,not lack of exercise,is the most common trigger for gout symptoms.

Question 16

A 21-year-old female presents with low back pain and stiffness that is alleviated by physical activity. She was diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis. Which of the following joints would be most affected?
A) Vertebral and sacroiliac
B) Carpal and pharyngeal
C) Shoulder and hip
D) All hinge joints

Accepted Answer

Ankylosing spondylitis primarily affects the vertebral and sacroiliac joints, leading to stiffness and eventual fusion of the spine. The other joints listed (carpal, pharyngeal, shoulder, hip, hinge joints) are not typically affected by this condition.

Question 17

The final stage of gout, characterized by crystalline deposits in cartilage, synovial membranes, and soft tissue, is called:
A) monarticular arthritis.
B) tophaceous gout.
C) asymptomatic hyperuricemia.
D) complicated gout.

Accepted Answer

Tophaceous gout is the final stage of gout in which urate crystals have accumulated and formed tophi in various tissues of the body, including cartilage, synovial membranes, and soft tissue. Monarticular arthritis refers to inflammation of a single joint, while asymptomatic hyperuricemia is a condition where there are high levels of uric acid in the blood, but no symptoms. Complicated gout refers to advanced gout that has led to complications such as joint damage or kidney damage.

Quiz 37: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Myeloma is a cancer that originates in which bone marrow cell?

Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized by:

The pattern of bone destruction indicative of an aggressive malignant tumor is known as a:

A 46-year-old male presents with severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the right big toe. He was diagnosed with gouty arthritis. The symptoms he experienced are caused by the crystallization of _____ within the synovial fluid.

A 46-year-old male presents with severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the right big toe. He was diagnosed with gouty arthritis. He is at risk for developing:

A 34-year-old female was recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Physical examination revealed that inflammation started in the:

A 13-year-old female is admitted to the hospital for evaluation and treatment of an osteosarcoma in her left distal femur. Which statement best describes osteosarcoma?

A 29-year-old male was recently diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis. He is interested in obtaining more information about his disease. Patient teaching would include all of the following statements except:

A malignant tumor of skeletal muscle tissue origin is called:

A 32-year-old male was injured in a motor vehicle accident and confined to bed for 3 weeks. During this time, the size and strength of muscle fibers decreased, a condition referred to as:

A 60-year-old male presents with swelling and pain in the knee. CT reveals a cartilage-forming tumor. His diagnosis would be:

Myotonia is characterized by:

Which of the following people is at highest risk for the development of gout?

A 32-year-old female presents to her physician asking for something to ease her pain. She was previously diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Her pain is most likely caused by:

A 51-year-old male experienced severe acute gouty arthritis. Which of the following is the most common trigger for the symptoms?

A 21-year-old female presents with low back pain and stiffness that is alleviated by physical activity. She was diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis. Which of the following joints would be most affected?

The final stage of gout, characterized by crystalline deposits in cartilage, synovial membranes, and soft tissue, is called: