Question 1

One advantage to group therapy is that the therapist can see more than one client at a time. The disadvantage to this is that the therapist can concentrate too much on group processes, and __________ .

Accepted Answer

A disadvantage to group therapy is the therapist may focus to heavily on the group as a whole, and fail to tend to individual issues. This is especially evident in groups where the therapist is process-oriented.

Question 2

There are different roles that become naturally "assigned" in group therapy, based on individual behavioral patterns. Task roles:

Accepted Answer

Those who serve in task roles, according to group theorists, help the group carry out specific tasks. This means these individuals assist with achieving certain group milestones through goal setting, keeping the group on track, and encouraging problem solving.

Question 3

A therapist, a police officer, and a judge are all examples of regulated roles. Which is an example of an unregulated role that is assumed informally?

Accepted Answer

A sister is a role that is assumed informally, often times through blood relations, but also through social, and informal learning. An AA sponsor is also an unregulated role, which may be surprising to many. The absence of rules, and regulations means that those assuming any official "role" within the group are considered informal.

Question 4

Normally, people carry out their daily lives operating from a sense of individuality. Yet individuality can be lost when those same people become embedded into various types of groups, causing the loss of individuality. This can cause people to act in ways they typically would not. What is the reason for this? Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation occurs when someone shifts into a group, and, as a result, loses a sense of personal identity. This is due to the desirability of gaining social identity, within the group. When deindividuation occurs, the individual is more likely to behave in ways he or she would not otherwise.

Question 5

An example where groupthink occurred is __________ .

Accepted Answer

Groupthink is a term that explains how cohesion within a group engages in (and justify) negative decision-making. Due to the isolative nature of the above-mentioned country, the residents depend on only each other for influence, and information, and make decisions (in this case a negative decision) based on what they, as a group, believe to be true.

Question 6

B.F. Skinner studied operant conditioning. According to his research, praise is an example of __________ .

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement is an example of operant conditioning, or as explained by Skinner, as a consequence of a behavior. Praise is an example of positive reinforcement. There is also negative reinforcement, which occurs when unpleasant consequences are removed, once the appropriate behavior returns, which in turn encourages that behavior.

Question 7

Alfred Adler developed individual psychology. His theory is based on the philosophy that humans feel inferior, therefore, they strive to reach his or her __________ .

Accepted Answer

According to Adler, humans innately feel inferior. This creates a natural drive for perfection, and thus, an ideal self. Adler identified this as a healthy, motivational force in people's lives, and a way to achieve fulfillment

Question 8

Spitting in the client's soup is an Adlerian intervention. In what way is it effective?

Accepted Answer

Spitting in the client's soup is an Adlerian technique, where the clinician metaphorically "spits" in the client's "soup," or in other words, calls them out for his or her behavior.

Question 9

Virginia Satir, considered the master of communication, described four defensive communication styles. They are:

Accepted Answer

Satir described four main defensive communication styles: the placater, the blamer, the computer, and the distractor; Satir believed much of this defensive communication is attributed to individuals' attempting to avoid rejection. Placater's are often remorseful; blamer's tend to find faults in others; computers tend to avoid their feelings; distractors often talk to avoid reality.

Question 10

Experimental psychology uses research experiments to explore human behavior. Conducting these experiments includes all except the following:

Accepted Answer

Experimental psychologists perform experiments through use of hypothesis (a proposed explanation), defining variables, randomly assigning research participants, and manipulating independent variables. The dependent variable is never manipulated, as it is what is affected during the experiment, and therefore, fluctuates or changes, based on the independent variables' manipulation.

Question 11

Classical conditioning, a type of learning studied by Ivan Pavlov, tested his theory on dogs. A more contemporary example of classical conditioning is:

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is a kind of learning that is based on associations between one's environment (classroom,) and a naturally occurring stimulus (anxiety). Classical conditioning assumes that the environment shapes behavior, therefore, when the teacher changes the environment, the student's response to the previously anxiety-provoking situation is changed.

Question 12

Albert Bandura, a social learning theorist, and important figure in behavior therapy, explained that people learn from observed behavior. Bandura labeled this way of learning as __________ .

Accepted Answer

Modeling, according to Bandura, is the social phenomenon, explaining how individuals pay attention to, and get motivated to replicate behaviors they observe.

Question 13

Behavior therapy is largely based on the theories of __________, and __________ .

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy stems from the overarching theories of classical conditioning, and operant conditioning. Operant conditioning concentrates on the behavior changes induced by rewards, and punishments; classical conditioning uses a neutral stimulus to evoke a response.

Question 14

Behavioral therapy is also known as __________ .

Accepted Answer

Behavioral therapy is also called behavioral modification. This is because the foundation of this approach stems from the theory that an individual's emotional struggles are from learned behavioral responses to their surroundings, and those responses can be unlearned.

Question 15

Behavior therapy can be used to treat a variety of mood disorders. One of these mood disorders is __________ .

Accepted Answer

Behavioral therapy is effective for a variety of mood disorders, including depression, and bipolar disorder. Yet, behavioral therapy can also be successful with anxiety disorders, and other mental disorders, including eating disorders, such as anorexia.

Question 16

William Glasser's reality therapy emphasizes __________ basic psychological needs.

Accepted Answer

Glasser's five basic psychological needs are: power (a feeling of winning), belonging and love (to a family, friends, a community), freedom (to act independent of others), fun (attaining a sense of pleasure or joy), and survival (basic needs of shelter, food, water).

Question 17

Reality therapy focuses on wants, directions and doing, evaluation, and planning, often signified by the acronym WDEP. If your therapist is exploring the "D" part of this acronym with you, he may ask you which question?

Accepted Answer

"How are your actions affecting the way you feel?" addresses the 'doing' part of WDEP. It looks at what the client is doing, and how it affects them getting what they want.

Question 18

Using multimodal therapy to treat __________ might involve a combination of stimulant medication, behavioral therapy, and education.

Accepted Answer

Multimodal therapy is an effective approach to treatment of ADHD. The stimulants help with the ability to concentrate; the behavioral aspect is addressed through teaching behaviors around organizing time and activities; the education piece can help the individual learn more about their struggles and/ or provide parents with a better understanding.

Question 19

Which explanation sounds most similar to the Eclectic approach?

Accepted Answer

Eclectic approach plays off the idea that no one therapeutic approach, or theory is better than the other; instead choosing a theoretical approach, based on the individuality of the client, or combining two or more approaches is most beneficial.

Question 20

There are four main themes of existential therapy. What are they?

Accepted Answer

Death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness are the four main themes of existentialism, and considered to be fundamental concerns to every human being, stemming from the inner conflict, based on the absolutes of ones' existence.

Quiz 3: Counseling and Psychotherapy