Question 1

When providing group counseling, a therapist should be well versed about member selection, and comfortable with strategies of group counseling. Yet, counselors are capable of making mistakes in a group setting, just as in individual therapy. What is a common mistake some counselors make in group therapy? Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

There are many mistakes made on the part of the counselor that can cause a group session to be lose effectiveness. Lacking clarity or a sound purpose for the group is detrimental, along with not sufficiently closing out a group session (which goes along with the willingness to cut group members off, if they are dominating the process time).

Question 2

Which is not a Gestalt group therapy approach?

Accepted Answer

Gestalt group therapy uses exaggeration (a technique where the client embellishes a certain expression, saying, or movement, to increase his or her awareness of the immediate experience), the hot seat (where group members become the focus of the group), and role- playing (also called internal dialogue, where clients can act out and gain clarity on their particular struggles). The miracle question is a solution-focused technique.

Question 3

In Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) a collaborative relationship among the group members is typically built over time. Elements of a collaborative relationship in CBGT are __________ . Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A good collaborative relationship in CBGT has many elements including: goal setting (counselor leads the discussion, but goals come from group members), Socratic questioning, agenda setting, feedback, and homework (often behavioral experiential activities).

Question 4

What is an example of a specific skill that can be taught in a group therapy setting? Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Due to the breadth and depth of possibilities for group therapy, there are endless skill sets that the participant can gain, including, but not limited to, parenting skills, communication skills, and anger management skills. Some other examples are conflict-resolution skills, and self-care skills.

Question 5

Therapeutic groups are different from psycho-educational groups, and support groups. An central element to therapeutic groups is that they are typically __________ .

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic groups are often closed, meaning the participants are predetermined, and the group is set for a specific length of time (ex - six weeks); therapeutic groups encourage participants to provide feedback to one another, as well as feedback from the leader; therapeutic groups frequently use the past as a window to the present functioning, and current struggles.

Question 6

Although group therapy is very advantageous for many reasons, there are possible drawbacks to as well. What are some of the causes of the negative effects in- group psychotherapy? Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

In- group psychotherapy, it can be detrimental if there is a lack of attention to group boundaries (ex - therapist showing up late, client absences), or absence of consideration to the group dynamics, such as scapegoating, or groupthink.

Question 7

A key belief of group psychotherapy is that although a client may feel alone in their experience of pain or struggle, interacting with individuals suffering from the same issue(s) can __________ that client's __________ .

Accepted Answer

People often feel different, or alone due to the symptoms they are experiencing because of a certain struggle or issue. Being around individuals dealing with the similar matters creates a sense of community and belongingness, and can encourage motivation to work through those problems.

Question 8

Analytical psychology, which was originated by Carl Jung, focuses on the balance of the conscious and subconscious minds. Another way Jung referred to the subconscious versus the conscious was __________ versus __________ .

Accepted Answer

Analytical psychology centers on the individual yearning to find balance between the conscious and subconscious minds. He also referred to these distinct minds as logos versus mythos. Logos refers to an individual's ability to identify facts, and be objective. Mythos is more subjective, representing an individual's feelings, biases, and experiences.

Question 9

Generativity refers to the feeling of obligation to, and concern for __________ .

Accepted Answer

Generativity, according to Dan P. McAdams, suggests the feeling of obligation to, and concern for future generations. Generativity usually occurs in an individual's middle-adult years, and can be viewed as both egocentric, and altruistic.

Question 10

Sex indicates an individual's biological gender, while gender refers to one's cultural, and psychosocial concept of maleness or femaleness. Furthering the notion of gender and sex is the perception of gender identity, which refers to an individuals' __________ as male, female, or gender neutral.

Accepted Answer

Gender identity refers to a person's psychological identity as male, female, or gender neutral. There are also many other ways to "label" gender, and places to fall on the gender spectrum. Essentially, gender identity does not always match the biological sex, and often cannot fit into only two categories (male or female). Some distinguish themselves as being genderqueer, nonbinary, bigender, etc.

Question 11

Socio-cultural perspective, proposed by Lev Vygotsky, looks at how people behave based on their __________ .

Accepted Answer

Lev Vygotsky introduced the socio-cultural perspective, which examines how individuals behave based on their surroundings, including cultural, and social influences.

Question 12

Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory emphasizes the importance of observational learning. This means learning through observation of others' behavior (modeling). Common models of behavior are __________ . Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Humans learn through observing others. This is especially true in children. Bandura's concept of observational learning posits that individuals understand information, and behavior through the modeling of others, such as siblings, parents, and teachers.

Question 13

Culture-bound mental disorders (also known as culture bound syndromes) include __________ , __________ , and __________ expressions, which deviate from common behavior, found in particular cultures.

Accepted Answer

Clinicians may encounter culture-bound mental disorders when working with clients from different backgrounds, and origins. These disorders manifest affectively, behaviorally, and cognitively, and stray from what that individual's culture may consider "common," or "normal." In order to be prepared, and helpful to these clients, the clinician must do additional research to be able to identify, and treat these conditions.

Question 14

Men and women are different culturally speaking. What does this mean? Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Gender is a cultural consideration as men and women are taught to express themselves differently (and this also differs among cultures); gender roles are also very diverse, depending on country of origin, upbringing, and culture.

Question 15

When exploring a client's self-concept, investigating their cultural constructs is important. Many cultures view people primarily through a social lens. Western theories are more inclined to the view of the __________ self.

Accepted Answer

Looking at a client's self-concept through a cultural construct is often focused on the social component, meaning the level of individuality versus connectedness. In the Western world, the view of self as an independent entity is fairly universal. Other cultures are less differentiated, and more focused on community.

Question 16

What is an example of cultural clash in a therapeutic setting?

Accepted Answer

Cultural clashes are often inevitable, when working with clients from diverse cultures, backgrounds, and ethnicities. For example, a client who is new to the United States, and the Western world, may be surprised to find that people pay for counseling services, as, these services are free of charge, in other parts of the world. To avoid cultural clashes like this, information needs to be conveyed at the onset of the therapeutic relationship.

Question 17

Culturally specific approaches to counseling are so vital in today's world because counseling theories tend to be __________ , __________ , and __________ in origin and orientation.

Accepted Answer

Many innovators in psychology and counseling tended to be Western in culture, Caucasian, and male. This no longer fits our diverse world, necessitating more culturally explicit approaches, focusing on the needs, and specific aspects of an individual's culture.

Question 18

A culturally competent counselor has awareness about his or her own racist views, beliefs, and/ or attitudes, and how this has impacted them personally, and vocationally. This can be especially important for Caucasian counselors. Why?

Accepted Answer

Culturally competent clinicians have a wealth of knowledge about oppression, racism, and stereotypes of all groups. This allows for self-reflection about personal biases, and racist views. And although it applies to all groups, it is often especially pertinent for White counselors to examine these views, so they are able to recognize how they may have advanced in their lives due to this racism (White identity).

Question 19

Fully understanding, and becoming entirely competent about all diverse cultures is __________ .

Accepted Answer

Becoming a culturally competent counselor is an ongoing process. This is because personal values, and biases are constantly changing, as well as the level of interaction with diverse clientele. It is impossible for anyone counselor to become fully culturally competent; the ongoing changes personally, and the vast amount of diverse cultures that are present in this world, necessitate an enduring effort towards cultural competency.

Question 20

Your client has a different ethnic background from you, the clinician. Which core areas must you have an accurate understanding of, in order to provide culturally competent counseling to that client?

Accepted Answer

A client's cultural identity is made up of many realms, including symbolic objects (ex: religious items or pieces of clothing), language (not just understanding the client's primary language, but also considering things like slang), and spirituality and religion (this includes reflecting on what the client believes around life, death, birth, etc. and religious practices). Some other core areas to consider when understanding your client within his or her cultural context are traditions around food, family structures, and nonverbal and spatial cues.

Quiz 3: Counseling and Psychotherapy