Question 1

The process of ________ is concerned with how innovations spread.
A) innovation
B) adoption
C) success
D) diffusion
E) influence

Accepted Answer

The process of how innovations spread is referred to as diffusion. The other options may be related to innovation diffusion, but they are not specific enough to be considered the correct answer.

Question 2

A ________ requires consumers to adopt new behavior patterns.
A) discontinuous innovation
B) dynamically discontinuous innovation
C) dynamically continuous innovation
D) statically continuous innovation
E) continuous innovation

Accepted Answer

Discontinuous innovation refers to a new product or service that fundamentally changes the way things are done and requires consumers to adopt new behaviors or habits. Examples of discontinuous innovation include the introduction of the personal computer, the internet, or smartphones. The other options refer to innovations that are less disruptive and require less significant changes in consumer behavior.

Question 3

A ________ approach to defining innovation judges the newness of a product in terms of how much exposure consumers have to the new product.
A) product-oriented
B) market-oriented
C) consumer-oriented
D) firm-oriented
E) development-oriented

Accepted Answer

A market-oriented approach to defining innovation focuses on the perceived level of newness or innovativeness from the perspective of the target market. It considers how much exposure consumers have to the new product, and the level of perceived value in relation to existing alternatives. This approach takes into account the competitive environment and consumer preferences, which are key factors in successful innovation.

Question 4

A ________ approach to defining innovation focuses on the features inherent in the product itself and on the effects these features are likely to have on consumers' established usage patterns.
A) product-oriented
B) market-oriented
C) consumer-oriented
D) firm-oriented
E) development-oriented

Accepted Answer

A product-oriented approach to defining innovation focuses solely on the characteristics of the product, including its features and capabilities, and how they are likely to impact consumers' behavior. This approach is often contrasted with market-oriented and consumer-oriented approaches, which place more emphasis on understanding the needs and preferences of the target market and shaping the product accordingly.

Question 5

Fizzy Cola just came out with a cherry-flavored cola.Fizzy Cherry is not the first cherry-flavored cola on the market,but it is still considered to be new,based on a ________ approach to defining innovation.
A) product-oriented
B) market-oriented
C) firm-oriented
D) communications-oriented
E) consumer-oriented

Accepted Answer

A firm-oriented approach considers a product new if it is new to the company, regardless of its presence in the market.

Question 6

While Q-tips are advertised for cleaning ears or removing eye make-up,Bill has found that they are also perfect for cleaning dust out of the crevices of his model cars.Bill's use of Q-tips constitutes ________.
A) use innovativeness
B) purchase innovativeness
C) market innovativeness
D) compatibly innovativeness
E) incompatibly innovativeness

Accepted Answer

Use innovativeness refers to finding new and innovative ways to use a product beyond its intended purpose. In this scenario, Bill is using Q-tips in an innovative way to clean dust out of the crevices of his model cars, which falls under the category of use innovativeness.

Question 7

Communication among consumers is known as ________.
A) word-of-mouth communications
B) surrogacy
C) mavenship
D) cohort selling
E) peer advertising

Accepted Answer

Word-of-mouth communications refers to communication among consumers, in which they share their opinions, experiences, and recommendations about products or services with each other. It can have a significant impact on a company's reputation and sales.

Question 8

Digital cameras and digital video recorders were somewhat disruptive to consumers,but did not change the basic behavior patterns established with photography and film.These are best described as ________.
A) discontinuous innovations
B) dynamically discontinuous innovations
C) dynamically continuous innovations
D) statically continuous innovations
E) continuous innovations

Accepted Answer

Digital cameras and digital video recorders were a significant advancement from traditional film cameras and video recorders, but they did not require consumers to completely change their behavior patterns. Therefore, they are considered dynamically continuous innovations.

Question 9

A ________ approach to defining innovation treats newness from the perspective of the company producing or marketing it.
A) product-oriented
B) market-oriented
C) consumer-oriented
D) firm-oriented
E) development-oriented

Accepted Answer

A firm-oriented approach to defining innovation considers newness from the perspective of the company producing or marketing it, focusing on what is new to the firm itself.

Question 10

A ________ involves the introduction of a modified product rather than a totally new product,and has the least disruptive influence on established patterns.
A) discontinuous innovation
B) dynamically discontinuous innovation
C) dynamically continuous innovation
D) statically continuous innovation
E) continuous innovation

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ involves the introduction of a...

Question 11

________ is a macro process concerned with the spread of a new product from its source to the consuming public.
A) Adoption
B) Assumption
C) Diffusion
D) Innovation
E) Introduction

Accepted Answer

Diffusion is the process of how a new product spreads from its source to the consuming public. Adoption is the process by which an individual decides to start using a new product. Assumption and introduction are not relevant terms in this context. Innovation is broader and can refer to any new idea, product or process.

Question 12

The automobile,which revolutionized the way people got from one place to the other,was an example of a ________.
A) discontinuous innovation
B) dynamically discontinuous innovation
C) dynamically continuous innovation
D) statically continuous innovation
E) continuous innovation

Accepted Answer

The automobile is considered a discontinuous innovation because it introduced a completely new way of transportation, significantly altering people's lifestyles and requiring them to learn new behaviors.

Question 13

Under the ________ approach to defining innovation,copies or modifications of a competitor's product would qualify as new.
A) product-oriented
B) market-oriented
C) consumer-oriented
D) firm-oriented
E) development-oriented

Accepted Answer

The firm-oriented approach considers any product new if it is new to the company, even if it is a copy or modification of a competitor's product.

Question 14

The Gillette Fusion razor blade,which has four blades instead of three or two,is best described as a ________.
A) discontinuous innovation
B) dynamically discontinuous innovation
C) dynamically continuous innovation
D) statically continuous innovation
E) continuous innovation

Accepted Answer

The Gillette Fusion razor blade is an example of continuous innovation because it represents a slight improvement over existing products (adding more blades) without significantly changing consumer behavior.

Question 15

A ________ is somewhat disruptive to consumers but does not alter established behavior patterns.
A) discontinuous innovation
B) dynamically discontinuous innovation
C) dynamically continuous innovation
D) statically continuous innovation
E) continuous innovation

Accepted Answer

A dynamically continuous innovation is a product or service that has some level of disruption or change to consumer behavior, but does not completely alter established behavior patterns. These innovations usually offer some new features, but still resemble current products or services in function and use. Examples include digital cameras replacing film cameras, or smartphones replacing feature phones.

Question 16

The first people to purchase a new product are considered ________.
A) consumer innovators
B) nonadopters
C) laggards
D) trial drivers
E) test consumers

Accepted Answer

Consumer innovators are the first people to purchase a new product. They are usually willing to take risks and try out new products before the majority of the population. Nonadopters are people who do not adopt a new product, laggards are people who are slow to adopt a new product, trial drivers are people who try out a new product before deciding to buy it, and test consumers are people who participate in market research studies to test new products.

Question 17

A ________ approach to defining innovation considers a "new" product to be any product that potential consumers judge to be new.
A) product-oriented
B) market-oriented
C) consumer-oriented
D) firm-oriented
E) development-oriented

Accepted Answer

A consumer-oriented approach defines innovation based on the perception of potential consumers, considering a product new if consumers see it as new.

Question 18

A consumer is being ________ when he or she uses a previously adopted product in a novel or unusual way,or very extensively.
A) use innovative
B) purchase innovative
C) market innovative
D) compatibly innovative
E) incompatibly innovative

Accepted Answer

The term "use innovative" accurately describes the behavior of a consumer who is using a previously adopted product in a new, unconventional way. The other answer choices do not accurately describe this behavior.

Question 19

________ is a micro process that focuses on the stages through which an individual consumer passes when deciding to accept or reject a new product.
A) Adoption
B) Assumption
C) Diffusion
D) Innovation
E) Introduction

Accepted Answer

Adoption is the micro-level process that analyzes how individual consumers go through various stages before deciding to accept or reject a new product. These stages include awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption.

Question 20

According to the ________ approach to defining innovation,products are considered new if they have been purchased by a relatively small percentage of the potential market or if they have been on the market for a relatively short period of time.
A) product-oriented
B) market-oriented
C) consumer-oriented
D) firm-oriented
E) development-oriented

Accepted Answer

The market-oriented approach defines innovation based on its performance in the market, such as its adoption rate by consumers and how long it has been on the market. The other approaches are more focused on the product, firm, or development process itself.

Quiz 14: Consumers and the Diffusion of Innovations

The process of ________ is concerned with how innovations spread.

A ________ requires consumers to adopt new behavior patterns.

A ________ approach to defining innovation judges the newness of a product in terms of how much exposure consumers have to the new product.

A ________ approach to defining innovation focuses on the features inherent in the product itself and on the effects these features are likely to have on consumers' established usage patterns.

Fizzy Cola just came out with a cherry-flavored cola.Fizzy Cherry is not the first cherry-flavored cola on the market,but it is still considered to be new,based on a ________ approach to defining innovation.

While Q-tips are advertised for cleaning ears or removing eye make-up,Bill has found that they are also perfect for cleaning dust out of the crevices of his model cars.Bill's use of Q-tips constitutes ________.

Communication among consumers is known as ________.

Digital cameras and digital video recorders were somewhat disruptive to consumers,but did not change the basic behavior patterns established with photography and film.These are best described as ________.

A ________ approach to defining innovation treats newness from the perspective of the company producing or marketing it.

A ________ involves the introduction of a modified product rather than a totally new product,and has the least disruptive influence on established patterns.

________ is a macro process concerned with the spread of a new product from its source to the consuming public.

The automobile,which revolutionized the way people got from one place to the other,was an example of a ________.

Under the ________ approach to defining innovation,copies or modifications of a competitor's product would qualify as new.

The Gillette Fusion razor blade,which has four blades instead of three or two,is best described as a ________.

A ________ is somewhat disruptive to consumers but does not alter established behavior patterns.

The first people to purchase a new product are considered ________.

A ________ approach to defining innovation considers a "new" product to be any product that potential consumers judge to be new.

A consumer is being ________ when he or she uses a previously adopted product in a novel or unusual way,or very extensively.

________ is a micro process that focuses on the stages through which an individual consumer passes when deciding to accept or reject a new product.

According to the ________ approach to defining innovation,products are considered new if they have been purchased by a relatively small percentage of the potential market or if they have been on the market for a relatively short period of time.