Question 1

According to Freudian theory,an adult's personality is determined by ________.
A) how the individual alleviates feelings of anxiety
B) how well the individual deals with crises experienced during development
C) how the individual seeks rewarding relationships with others
D) how the individual avoids feelings of inferiority
E) how the individual develops the ideal social self-image

Accepted Answer

According to Freudian theory, an adult's personality is determined by the way they resolve conflicts during the psychosexual stages of development. The successful resolution of each stage leads to the development of a healthy personality, while unresolved conflicts can lead to personality disorders. Therefore, how well the individual deals with crises experienced during development is a major determinant of their personality according to Freudian theory.

Question 2

According to Freud's theories,the ________ is responsible for ensuring that the individual satisfies needs in a socially acceptable fashion.
A) superego
B) id
C) ego
D) super-id
E) self-image

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

Researchers who apply Freud's theories to the study of consumer personality believe that ________.
A) consumer behavior is an effort on behalf of individuals to overcome feelings of inferiority
B) social relationships are fundamental to the formation and development of personality
C) people continuously attempt to establish significant and rewarding relationships with others
D) consumers are primarily unaware of their true reasons for their purchasing behavior
E) behavior is largely driven by a desire to conquer feelings of anxiety

Accepted Answer

Freud's theories emphasize the unconscious mind, suggesting that consumers may not be fully aware of the underlying psychological reasons for their purchasing decisions.

Question 4

According to Karen Horney,________ individuals desire independence,self-reliance,and self-sufficiency.
A) compliant
B) subversive
C) aggressive
D) detached
E) obtrusive

Accepted Answer

According to Karen Horney, detached individuals desire independence, self-reliance, and self-sufficiency.

Question 5

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality is built on the premise that ________ are at the heart of human motivations and personality.
A) social relationships
B) conscious decision-making processes
C) efforts to avoid anxiety
D) efforts to overcome inferiority
E) unconscious needs or drives

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, unconscious needs or drives, such as the sexual and aggressive impulses of the id, are at the heart of human motivations and personality. These unconscious drives are often in conflict with the conscious values and beliefs of the superego, leading to anxiety that must be managed through defense mechanisms.

Question 6

The mother who comments about her teenage son that her child "has been impulsive from the day he was born," is supporting the contention that personality ________.
A) is enduring
B) can change
C) reflects individual differences
D) is more apparent in childhood than adulthood
E) develops as a result of social circumstances

Accepted Answer

The statement "has been impulsive from the day he was born" implies that the son's impulsiveness is an enduring trait, indicating that personality is enduring.

Question 7

According to Freud's theories,we are driven to action by the internal forces of the ________ and constrained by the external forces of the ________,while the ________ represents the individual's conscious choices of conformity and nonconformity with social standards in meeting one's biogenic needs.
A) ego; id; superego
B) superego; ego; id
C) id; ego; superego
D) ego; superego; id
E) id; superego; ego

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the id is the source of instinctual drives and internal forces, the superego represents external social constraints and moral standards, and the ego mediates between the id and superego, making conscious choices.

Question 8

How can marketers use an understanding of consumers' personalities to market their products?
A) Marketers can rely on consistent consumption behavior over time because consumers' personalities are consistent over time.
B) Marketers can change consumers' personalities to conform to their products.
C) Marketers can attempt to appeal to the relevant traits inherent in their target group of consumers.
D) Marketers can use an understanding of consumers' personalities to create consumer needs.
E) In creating marketing messages, marketers can accurately presume that consumers' personalities constitute the single factor that influences how consumers behave.

Accepted Answer

By using an understanding of consumers' personalities, marketers can attempt to appeal to the relevant traits inherent in their target group of consumers. For example, if a brand is trying to target consumers who are risk-takers, they may use messaging and visuals that convey a sense of adventure or excitement. By doing so, the brand can increase the likelihood that these consumers will be drawn to their product. It is important to note, however, that marketers cannot change consumers' personalities or presume that personalities are the only factor that influences consumer behavior.

Question 9

According to Freud's theories,the ________ is a conceptualization of the basic biogenic needs for which the individual seeks immediate satisfaction without concern for the specific means of satisfaction.
A) ego
B) id
C) super-id
D) self-image
E) superego

Accepted Answer

The id is the part of the psyche (according to Freud) that represents the basic biogenic needs and seeks immediate satisfaction without concern for the means of satisfaction. The ego and superego are other parts of the psyche that develop later and have different functions. The self-image is not a term used in Freud's theory.

Question 10

According to Freud's theories,the ________ functions as an internal monitor that helps balance the impulses stimulated by biogenic needs and the constraints applied by the sociocultural setting.
A) super-id
B) self-image
C) ego
D) superego
E) id

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theories, the ego functions as an internal monitor that helps balance the impulses stimulated by biogenic needs (driven by the "id") and the constraints applied by the sociocultural setting (represented by the "superego"). The ego mediates between the demands of the "id" and "superego" to find socially acceptable ways to gratify our basic needs.

Question 11

The convergence in personality characteristics of men and women provides evidence that ________.
A) personality is consistent and enduring
B) personality develops from social interactions
C) personality stereotypes may change over time
D) personality is the result of an individual's desire to conquer feelings of anxiety
E) personality develops from the way individuals deal with crises during their development

Accepted Answer

The convergence in personality characteristics between men and women indicates that personality stereotypes may change over time. This evidence suggests that societal expectations and cultural norms play a role in shaping personality characteristics and that these expectations and norms may evolve over time.

Question 12

Recent research using Karen Horney's CAD theory found that ________ personalities tend to prefer name-brand products.
A) submissive
B) aggressive
C) detached
D) compliant
E) subversive

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent research using Karen Horney's CAD theory...

Question 13

Consumer research using Karen Horney's CAD theory found that ________ personalities were less likely to be brand loyal and more likely to try different brands.
A) submissive
B) aggressive
C) detached
D) compliant
E) subversive

Accepted Answer

Detached personalities, according to Karen Horney's CAD theory, tend to be more independent and less tied to group norms or expectations, which translates into a greater likelihood of trying different brands rather than sticking to one out of loyalty.

Question 14

Stacy notes that,after her freshman year of college,her daughter is more mature and is willing to listen to points of view other than those with which she agrees.This supports the contention that personality ________.
A) is consistent
B) reflects individual differences
C) can change
D) is more apparent in childhood than in adulthood
E) is enduring

Accepted Answer

The fact that Stacy's daughter has become more mature and open to different points of view suggests that her personality has changed, supporting the idea that personality can be developed and altered over time.

Question 15

Using sexual imagery to sell a product primarily appeals to Freud's conceptualization of the ________.
A) ego
B) self-image
C) superego
D) id
E) super-id

Accepted Answer

Freud's id is the most primitive and instinctive part of the psyche, concerned solely with the gratification of basic needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desires. Sexual imagery appeals to the instincts of the id, making it the best choice.

Question 16

Neo-Freudian theorists believe that ________.
A) consumption situations are extensions of the consumer's personality
B) human drives are largely unconscious
C) social relationships are fundamental to the formation and development of personality
D) consumers are primarily unaware of their true reasons for making decisions
E) consumer purchases are a reflection of an individual's personality

Accepted Answer

Neo-Freudian theorists, like Erik Erikson, Carl Jung, and Karen Horney, emphasized the importance of social relationships in personality development. They believed that interpersonal interactions, particularly those in childhood, shape individual personality traits and behaviors.

Question 17

The inner psychological characteristics that both determine and reflect how a person responds to his or her environment compose an individual's ________.
A) role
B) self-image
C) individuality
D) personality
E) status

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to the set of enduring traits and characteristics that define our patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. These traits are believed to be relatively stable and consistent over time and across situations, although they may be influenced by changes in environmental factors or life experiences. Our personality can shape how we respond to different events or experiences, and can also influence the way that others perceive and interact with us.

Question 18

Alfred Adler,a neo-Freudian theorist,believed that ________.
A) unconscious needs and drives are at the heart of human motivation
B) people continuously attempt to establish significant and rewarding relationships with others
C) human beings are seeking to attain various rational goals, which he called style of life
D) personality is measured in terms of specific psychological characteristics called traits
E) personality is largely impacted by child-parent relationships and the individual's desire to conquer feelings of anxiety

Accepted Answer

Adler believed that humans are goal-oriented and strive to attain various rational goals or a "style of life." This need for achievement, power, and intimacy shapes and influences personality development.

Question 19

The emphasis in the definition of personality is on inner characteristics,which are ________.
A) those characteristics of an individual that are not readily apparent to others
B) those characteristics which individuals try to hide from others
C) those characteristics that distinguish one individual from others
D) those characteristics that make one individual similar to others
E) those characteristics that constitute the individual's ideal self-image

Accepted Answer

The definition of personality emphasizes inner characteristics that distinguish one individual from others. This includes traits, characteristics, and patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It does not necessarily refer to characteristics that are hidden or not readily apparent to others, nor does it refer to characteristics that make a person similar to others or constitute their ideal self-image.

Question 20

In the study of personality,three distinct properties are of central importance.These are that ________.
A) personality reflects individual differences, personality is consistent and enduring, and personality can change
B) personality reflects similarities between individuals, personality is consistent and enduring, and personality can change
C) personality reflects individual differences, personality is consistent and enduring, and personality does not change
D) personality reflects similarities between individuals, personality is consistent and enduring, and personality does not change
E) personality reflects individual differences, personality is inconsistent and fleeting, and personality can change

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the study of personality,three distinct properties...

Quiz 5: Personality and Consumer Behavior

According to Freudian theory,an adult's personality is determined by ________.

According to Freud's theories,the ________ is responsible for ensuring that the individual satisfies needs in a socially acceptable fashion.

Researchers who apply Freud's theories to the study of consumer personality believe that ________.

According to Karen Horney,________ individuals desire independence,self-reliance,and self-sufficiency.

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality is built on the premise that ________ are at the heart of human motivations and personality.

The mother who comments about her teenage son that her child "has been impulsive from the day he was born," is supporting the contention that personality ________.

According to Freud's theories,we are driven to action by the internal forces of the and constrained by the external forces of the ,while the represents the individual's conscious choices of conformity and nonconformity with social standards in meeting one's biogenic needs.

How can marketers use an understanding of consumers' personalities to market their products?

According to Freud's theories,the ________ is a conceptualization of the basic biogenic needs for which the individual seeks immediate satisfaction without concern for the specific means of satisfaction.

According to Freud's theories,the ________ functions as an internal monitor that helps balance the impulses stimulated by biogenic needs and the constraints applied by the sociocultural setting.

The convergence in personality characteristics of men and women provides evidence that ________.

Recent research using Karen Horney's CAD theory found that ________ personalities tend to prefer name-brand products.

Consumer research using Karen Horney's CAD theory found that ________ personalities were less likely to be brand loyal and more likely to try different brands.

Stacy notes that,after her freshman year of college,her daughter is more mature and is willing to listen to points of view other than those with which she agrees.This supports the contention that personality ________.

Using sexual imagery to sell a product primarily appeals to Freud's conceptualization of the ________.

Neo-Freudian theorists believe that ________.

The inner psychological characteristics that both determine and reflect how a person responds to his or her environment compose an individual's ________.

Alfred Adler,a neo-Freudian theorist,believed that ________.

The emphasis in the definition of personality is on inner characteristics,which are ________.

In the study of personality,three distinct properties are of central importance.These are that ________.