Question 1

A ____ schedule of reinforcement is being applied when a desired behavior must occur a specified number of times before it is reinforced.
A) variable interval
B) variable ratio
C) fixed interval
D) fixed ratio

Accepted Answer

A fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement requires a specific number of desired behaviors or responses to occur before reinforcement is given. For example, a rat must press a lever five times before receiving a food pellet. This schedule typically produces high rates of behavior because the individual knows exactly what is required in order to receive reinforcement.

Question 2

A(n)____ schedule of reinforcement is applied when reinforcement is delivered each time a particular behavior occurs.
A) intermittent
B) continuous
C) fixed ratio
D) variable ratio

Accepted Answer

A continuous schedule of reinforcement is applied when reinforcement is delivered each time a particular behavior occurs. This means that the behavior is reinforced every time it occurs, resulting in more rapid learning and acquisition of the behavior. However, once the reinforcement is removed, the behavior may quickly diminish. In contrast, intermittent schedules of reinforcement (such as fixed ratio and variable ratio schedules) result in slower acquisition of the behavior but lead to greater resistance to extinction over time.

Question 3

At BMW's Assembly Line,employees are paid when the plant is idle.In return for this benefit,they are expected to work overtime if necessary when the plant is busy.Instead of overtime pay when they work overtime,____.
A) they build up an account of extra time off.
B) they are paid from their overtime accounts
C) they get bonuses
D) they get their regular pay and nothing else

Accepted Answer

The passage states that employees build up an account of extra time off instead of receiving overtime pay for working additional hours when the plant is busy. This implies that option A is the correct choice. The other options are not mentioned in the passage.

Question 4

A ____ schedule of reinforcement is being applied when reinforcement is delivered only after a constant amount of time has passed,regardless of the number of desired behaviors that have occurred.
A) variable ratio
B) fixed interval
C) fixed ratio
D) continuous

Accepted Answer

In a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement, reinforcement is delivered only after a fixed amount of time has elapsed, regardless of how many desired behaviors have occurred. This schedule tends to produce a scalloped pattern of responding, where there is a burst of responding just before the reinforcement is due.

Question 5

____ is the simplest schedule of reinforcement.
A) Continuous reinforcement
B) Intermittent reinforcement
C) Interval schedules
D) Ratio schedules

Accepted Answer

Continuous reinforcement is the simplest schedule of reinforcement because it involves reinforcing a behavior every time it occurs. This schedule results in rapid learning and strong behavior maintenance.

Question 6

A(n)____ schedule of reinforcement is applied when reinforcement is delivered after some,but not every,occurrence of a behavior.
A) staggered
B) continuous
C) variable ratio
D) intermittent

Accepted Answer

Intermittent schedules of reinforcement involve delivering reinforcement after some occurrences of the targeted behavior, but not after every occurrence. This can be done on a fixed or variable ratio, or on a fixed or variable interval schedule. An example of an intermittent schedule of reinforcement is a slot machine, where the player is not reinforced after every pull of the lever, but rather after an unpredictable number of pulls.

Question 7

A fixed interval schedule to administer rewards tends to produce ____ behavior?
A) high energy
B) consistent
C) uneven
D) fixed

Accepted Answer

A fixed interval schedule of reinforcement typically produces a pattern of behavior where responses become more frequent as the time for the next reward approaches, leading to uneven or scalloped patterns of response rates.

Question 8

____ is more effective than punishment over the long run.
A) Negative reinforcement
B) Escape learning
C) Positive reinforcement
D) Avoidance learning

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement is more effective than punishment over the long run because it encourages desired behavior rather than simply punishing undesired behavior. Positive reinforcement involves giving a reward or positive consequence in response to a desired behavior, which increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future. Punishment, on the other hand, involves giving a negative consequence in response to an undesired behavior, which may suppress the behavior in the short term but can result in negative emotions and may not be effective in the long term.

Question 9

For a ____ to cause an employee to repeat a desired behavior,it must have value to that employee.
A) social learning application
B) positive reinforcer
C) progressive discipliner
D) negative reinforcer

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcers are rewards or incentives given to an employee for exhibiting a desired behavior. For it to effectively cause the employee to repeat the behavior, it must have some value to them. This value could be monetary, recognition, or other forms of incentives. Social learning applications involve observing other people's behaviors and outcomes, which may or may not lead to the repetition of the desired behavior. Progressive disciplining involves corrective measures taken to correct undesired behavior, whereas negative reinforcers involve negative consequences for undesired behavior.

Question 10

The recommended guidelines for using contingencies of reinforcement in the work setting include all of the following except:
A) do not punish employees in front of others
B) let employees know what they are doing wrong
C) reward all employees the same
D) make the response equal to the behavior by not cheating workers out of their just
Rewards

Accepted Answer

It is not recommended to reward all employees the same, as different employees may have different levels of performance and effort. Rewards should be based on individual performance and effort, in order to incentivize employees to improve and excel in their work.

Question 11

Reinforcement is always delivered according to a:
A) chart
B) kaizen
C) plan
D) schedule

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement is delivered according to a pre-determined schedule, which outlines how often and under what circumstances reinforcement will be given. This schedule can be fixed (reinforcement is given every time a behavior occurs) or variable (reinforcement is given randomly or intermittently). This helps to maintain the behavior being reinforced and prevent extinction.

Question 12

When trying to maintain high levels of volunteerism among the staff for meetings with a difficult but important client,a manager would probably be most successful if she financially rewards this behavior on a ____ schedule.
A) fixed ratio
B) fixed interval
C) variable interval
D) continuous

Accepted Answer

The answer of When trying to maintain high levels of...

Question 13

Dropping coins in a soft-drink vending machine and receiving a drink is a ____ schedule of reinforcement.
A) intermittent
B) fixed interval
C) continuous
D) variable ratio

Accepted Answer

A continuous schedule of reinforcement delivers reinforcement every time the desired behavior occurs. In this case, every time a customer drops coins in the vending machine and selects a soft drink, they receive a drink. This is different from intermittent schedules of reinforcement, which only deliver reinforcement some of the time, and fixed interval or variable ratio schedules of reinforcement, which are based on time or number of responses, respectively.

Question 14

Toy painters on Mattel's assembly line in China are paid by the hour,regardless of the number of toys they have painted.These workers are being reinforced according to a ____ schedule of reinforcement.
A) continuous interval
B) variable interval
C) fixed ratio
D) fixed interval

Accepted Answer

The workers are being reinforced on a fixed interval schedule, meaning they receive reinforcement (in this case, pay) after a set time period, regardless of how many toys they have painted during that time. This is different from a fixed ratio schedule, where reinforcement is given after a certain number of responses. It is also different from a variable interval schedule, where the time between reinforcements varies. A continuous interval schedule would require constant monitoring and reinforcement, which is not practical in this setting.

Question 15

____ is the most common form of punishment in organizations.
A) Public humiliation
B) Written reprimand
C) Oral reprimand
D) Docking of pay

Accepted Answer

Oral reprimand is the most common form of punishment in organizations as it is less severe than a written reprimand or docking of pay, but still serves as a warning to the employee that their behavior or performance needs improvement. Public humiliation is generally frowned upon and not an acceptable form of punishment in most organizations.

Question 16

The ____ reinforcement schedule leads to average and irregular performance.
A) variable interval
B) fixed interval
C) fixed ratio
D) variable ratio

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____ reinforcement schedule leads to average...

Question 17

In ____ schedule of reinforcement,the amount of time between reinforcements varies.
A) fixed ratio
B) variable ratio
C) fixed interval
D) variable interval

Accepted Answer

In the variable interval schedule, the reinforcement is given after a variable amount of time has passed, which is unpredictable. This type of schedule produces a steady rate of responding and is most effective in maintaining behavior. The other schedules mentioned have different characteristics, such as fixed amounts of responses or time intervals between reinforcements, which can have different effects on behavior.

Question 18

Oral reprimands are appropriate to correct:
A) general behavior
B) specific behaviors
C) bad attitudes
D) threats to self-image

Accepted Answer

Oral reprimands are most effective for correcting specific behaviors that need to be addressed in the moment. General behavior and bad attitudes may require more comprehensive interventions, while threats to self-image are best handled with a more supportive approach.

Question 19

At BMW's Assembly Line,to motivate employees to come up with ideas to cut costs and boost output,the organization:
A) started a bonus system that was paid to employees who submitted ideas
B) started an employee of the month distinction
C) made all suggestions public along with the employee names
D) gave employees who did not participate hard tasks

Accepted Answer

Starting a bonus system that rewards employees for submitting ideas is a great way to motivate them to come up with cost-cutting and output-boosting strategies. Money is a very powerful motivator for most people, and it provides tangible proof that their contributions to the company are valued. This, in turn, can encourage employees to continue working hard and coming up with new ideas. The other options listed do not have the same level of impact or effectiveness in motivating employees to contribute ideas.

Question 20

An assembly line manager changes the times she observes behavior to determine rewards for workers.One day,she observed employees between 10 and 11 a.m. ,and the next day she stopped by to watch the last 15 minutes of the shift.The manager is using what kind of reinforcement schedule?
A) variable ratio
B) fixed ratio
C) variable interval
D) fixed interval

Accepted Answer

The manager is using a variable interval reinforcement schedule, as the time intervals between observations vary. This type of schedule is characterized by rewards being given after a varying amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement, and is typically used to promote consistent behavior over time.

Quiz 5: Learning Concepts to Improve Performance: Part B

A ____ schedule of reinforcement is being applied when a desired behavior must occur a specified number of times before it is reinforced.

A(n) ____ schedule of reinforcement is applied when reinforcement is delivered each time a particular behavior occurs.

At BMW's Assembly Line,employees are paid when the plant is idle.In return for this benefit,they are expected to work overtime if necessary when the plant is busy.Instead of overtime pay when they work overtime,____.

A ____ schedule of reinforcement is being applied when reinforcement is delivered only after a constant amount of time has passed,regardless of the number of desired behaviors that have occurred.

____ is the simplest schedule of reinforcement.

A(n) ____ schedule of reinforcement is applied when reinforcement is delivered after some,but not every,occurrence of a behavior.

A fixed interval schedule to administer rewards tends to produce ____ behavior?

____ is more effective than punishment over the long run.

For a ____ to cause an employee to repeat a desired behavior,it must have value to that employee.

The recommended guidelines for using contingencies of reinforcement in the work setting include all of the following except:

Reinforcement is always delivered according to a:

When trying to maintain high levels of volunteerism among the staff for meetings with a difficult but important client,a manager would probably be most successful if she financially rewards this behavior on a ____ schedule.

Dropping coins in a soft-drink vending machine and receiving a drink is a ____ schedule of reinforcement.

Toy painters on Mattel's assembly line in China are paid by the hour,regardless of the number of toys they have painted.These workers are being reinforced according to a ____ schedule of reinforcement.

____ is the most common form of punishment in organizations.

The ____ reinforcement schedule leads to average and irregular performance.

In ____ schedule of reinforcement,the amount of time between reinforcements varies.

Oral reprimands are appropriate to correct:

At BMW's Assembly Line,to motivate employees to come up with ideas to cut costs and boost output,the organization:

An assembly line manager changes the times she observes behavior to determine rewards for workers.One day,she observed employees between 10 and 11 a.m. ,and the next day she stopped by to watch the last 15 minutes of the shift.The manager is using what kind of reinforcement schedule?