Question 1

Studies of twins have shown that genetics contribute to homosexual orientation in both men and women.

Accepted Answer

Studies of twins have consistently shown that genetics play a role in sexual orientation, including homosexual orientation.

Question 2

Nate wonders how his friend Jim can wake up at 5:00 every morning to swim laps before school. When he asks about it, Jim replies that he simply wants to realize his highest personal potential in swimming. According to Maslow's theory of motivation, Jim is satisfying the need for self-actualization.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's theory of motivation suggests that self-actualization is the highest need in the hierarchy of needs, and is characterized by a desire to realize one's full potential and achieve personal growth. Jim's motivation for waking up early to swim laps aligns with this concept of self-actualization.

Question 3

Research has found that homosexuality is not the result of an abnormal relationship between the parents and the child.

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have consistently shown that there is no significant correlation between parenting style or family environment and a person's sexual orientation.

Question 4

Clinical psychologists and psychiatrists consider homosexuality to be a sexual disorder that is treatable.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. The American Psychological Association and the American Psychiatric Association do not consider homosexuality to be a disorder or illness, and do not support attempts to change someone's sexual orientation through therapy.

Question 5

Research has shown that most people eventually achieve self-actualization.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. While self-actualization is a natural human desire, not everyone achieves it. Some people may struggle with personal growth, face various obstacles, or lack access to resources that can help them achieve self-actualization.

Question 6

Intrinsic motivation is the desire to engage in tasks that the person finds inherently satisfying and enjoyable, novel, or optimally challenging.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately defines intrinsic motivation.

Question 7

Maslow's most important contribution to psychology was to energize the discipline to focus on the motivations and development of psychologically healthy people.

Accepted Answer

Maslow is known for his theory on the hierarchy of needs, which suggests that people have different needs that must be met in order to reach their full potential and achieve self-actualization. This theory focuses on the motivations and development of psychologically healthy individuals, and Maslow's ideas have had a significant impact on the field of psychology, inspiring researchers to explore topics related to human growth and self-actualization.

Question 8

Children who are raised by gay or lesbian parents are three times more likely to suffer from a serious psychological disorder in adulthood than children who are raised by heterosexual parents.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false and unsupported by scientific evidence. Research has shown that children raised by same-sex parents have no greater risk of mental health problems than children raised by opposite-sex parents.

Question 9

According to Maslow, basic physiological and safety needs must be met before one strives to satisfy psychological needs.

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that basic physiological and safety needs, such as food, water, shelter, and physical safety, must be met before an individual can progress to fulfilling higher level psychological needs, such as self-esteem and self-actualization.

Question 10

Self-actualization is defined by Maslow as "the full use and exploitation of talents, capacities, and potentialities."

Accepted Answer

This is the correct definition of self-actualization according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 11

Psychological research has shown that it is a mistake to assume that homosexuals have deliberately chosen their sexual orientation any more than heterosexuals have chosen their sexual orientation.

Accepted Answer

Psychological research indicates that sexual orientation is not a choice and is mostly determined by biological and environmental factors. Therefore, assuming that homosexuals have deliberately chosen their sexual orientation is not accurate.

Question 12

According to psychologists Edward Deci and Richard Ryan's self-determination theory, optimal psychological functioning can only occur if the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are satisfied.

Accepted Answer

This is the main premise of self-determination theory. Optimal functioning is achieved when individuals feel that they have choice and control over their lives (autonomy), can effectively manage their surroundings and achieve goals (competence), and have meaningful relationships with others (relatedness).

Question 13

Most children become aware of their sexual orientation-whether it is heterosexual or homosexual-before adolescence and long before the child expresses those feelings in some form of sexual behavior.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that children typically become aware of their sexual orientation between the ages of 6 and 12, and often before the onset of puberty. However, this does not necessarily mean they express those feelings in sexual behavior at that age.

Question 14

Gender identity and sexual orientation occur early in life but can be changed easily if interventions occur before puberty.

Accepted Answer

Gender identity and sexual orientation form early in life and are not typically changeable through interventions or outside influences.

Question 15

Maslow's hierarchy of needs continues to generate hundreds of psychological studies, and that number has steadily grown year after year since the 1970s.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Maslow's hierarchy of needs continues to generate...

Question 16

Children who are raised by gay or lesbian parents are four times more likely to be gay or lesbian in adulthood than children who are raised by heterosexual parents.

Accepted Answer

There is no evidence to support the claim that children raised by gay or lesbian parents are more likely to be gay or lesbian themselves. Studies have shown that sexual orientation is determined by a complex combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors and is not a choice or something that can be influenced by the sexual orientation of parents.

Question 17

The latest research confirms that homosexuality is largely due to an unpleasant early heterosexual experience, such as being sexually abused during childhood.

Accepted Answer

There is no scientific evidence to support the claim that homosexuality is caused by an unpleasant early heterosexual experience, such as sexual abuse during childhood. Homosexuality is widely accepted as a normal variation of human sexuality that is influenced by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.

Question 18

Male homosexuality is strongly correlated with being raised by a father who is passive or an inadequate male role model.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false and not supported by scientific evidence. Sexual orientation is complex and multifactorial, and there is no one cause or determining factor for homosexuality. Factors including genetics, hormones, and environmental influences are thought to play a role in the development of sexual orientation. A person's relationship with their father or male role models may be a factor in their life experiences and emotional development, but it is not a sole predictor of sexual orientation.

Question 19

Research has overwhelmingly confirmed that Maslow's hierarchy of needs provides the most accurate depiction of human motivation developed thus far.

Accepted Answer

While Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a widely recognized and influential theory of human motivation, some research has criticized its universal applicability and suggested alternative models. Additionally, some have questioned the hierarchical nature of the theory and the existence of a clear order of needs. Therefore, it cannot be stated that Maslow's hierarchy of needs provides the most accurate depiction of human motivation developed thus far.

Question 20

Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchical division of motivation into levels that progress from basic physical needs to psychological needs to self-fulfillment needs.

Accepted Answer

This is a correct statement. Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory divided motivation into five levels: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion