Question 1

This image depicts the interaction of some of the key hormones and neurotransmitters that regulate hunger, including where they are manufactured in the body, and whether they increase (+) or decrease (-) hunger. Which letter indicates the hormone ghrelin?

Accepted Answer

The answer of This image depicts the interaction of some...

Question 2

According to set-point theory, the natural or optimal weight that the body maintains by increases or decreases in hunger and basal metabolic rate is called the:

Accepted Answer

Set-point theory suggests that the body has a predetermined weight range or set-point weight that it tries to maintain by altering hunger levels and basal metabolic rate. This weight range varies for each individual and can change over time but tends to remain relatively stable. Therefore, the best choice is D, set-point weight.

Question 3

This image depicts the interaction of some of the key hormones and neurotransmitters that regulate hunger, including where they are manufactured in the body, and whether they increase (+) or decrease (-) hunger. Which letter indicates the neurotransmitter neuropeptide Y?

Accepted Answer

Neuropeptide Y is indicated by letter B. It is a neurotransmitter that stimulates hunger and is produced in the hypothalamus.

Question 4

Milton is 35 years old and rarely exercises. During his annual checkup, his doctor calculated his body mass index as 27.5 and told him this number was not due to muscle or bone, so therefore he is, by definition:

Accepted Answer

A BMI of 27.5 puts Milton in the overweight category. This means he has excess weight for his height and is at increased risk for health problems. However, he is not in the obese category, which starts at a BMI of 30. The fact that his BMI is not due to muscle or bone indicates that his excess weight is likely due to fat.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The percentage of U.S. adults who are overweight tends to increase with age, peaking in middle age (fifth and sixth decades).

Question 6

People are considered to be _____ if they have a body mass index between 25 and 29.9, unless the BMI is due to muscle and bone rather than fat.

Accepted Answer

People with a body mass index between 25 and 29.9 are considered overweight, unless their BMI is due to factors other than fat, such as muscle and bone.

Question 7

Genetically mutated ob/ob mice:

Accepted Answer

Genetically mutated ob/ob mice are known to be obese due to a mutation in the gene that produces the hormone leptin. However, despite their excess fat stores, they display physiological characteristics that mimic a starving animal, such as increased hunger, reduced energy expenditure, and reduced levels of hormones that indicate satiety. This is due to a feedback mechanism in which their bodies recognize the lack of leptin and try to compensate by promoting hunger and conserving energy.

Question 8

The body mass index:

Accepted Answer

The body mass index (BMI) is a measurement of a person's weight in relation to their height. It is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared. It provides a single number as an indicator of whether a person is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. It is not a pseudoscientific indicator of eating disorders and does not measure levels of insulin, glucose, or neuropeptide Y in the bloodstream. It also does not indicate the rate at which energy is expended while a person is resting, which is measured by the basal metabolic rate.

Question 9

Due to a genetic mutation, ob/ob mice lack the ability to produce:

Accepted Answer

Ob/Ob mice lack the ability to produce leptin, which is a hormone produced by adipose tissue and plays a crucial role in regulating body weight and metabolism. Cholecystokinin, neuropeptide Y, and ghrelin are other hormones that play a role in regulating hunger and metabolism, but they are not directly affected by the genetic mutation in ob/ob mice.

Question 10

Which of the following observations seems to undermine the basic idea of set-point theory?

Accepted Answer

Set-point theory suggests that the body maintains a stable weight. The tendency to gain weight with age challenges this idea, as it implies that the set-point can change over time.

Question 11

The receptor sites for leptin and insulin:

Accepted Answer

The receptor sites for both leptin and insulin are located in the hypothalamus, specifically in the arcuate nucleus and other areas. These receptors play a key role in regulating appetite and energy expenditure.

Question 12

This image depicts the interaction of some of the key hormones and neurotransmitters that regulate hunger, including where they are manufactured in the body, and whether they increase (+) or decrease (-) hunger. Which letter indicates the hormone leptin?

Accepted Answer

The answer of This image depicts the interaction of some...

Question 13

Approximately _____ of American adults are considered to be overweight and another _____ are considered to be obese.

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one-third (or 33.7%) of American adults are considered to be overweight and another one-third (or 42.4%) are considered to be obese. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the basic idea of set-point theory?

Accepted Answer

Set-point theory suggests that the body has a natural "set-point" for maintaining a particular weight. This set-point is determined by genetic and environmental factors and can be influenced by long-term diet and exercise habits. The body regulates weight through hunger signals and changes in basal metabolic rate to bring the body back to its set-point weight. Option A and C are incorrect as they describe conscious control over weight maintenance or changing basal metabolic rate, respectively. Option D mentions cholecystokinin, which is a hormone that regulates appetite, but there is currently no evidence to suggest that setting it at a lower level will lead to weight loss or the ability to eat more without gaining weight.

Question 15

Sarah is five feet, six inches tall, weighs 143 pounds, and has a BMI of 23.1. Christopher is five feet, eight inches tall, weighs 148 pounds, and has a BMI of 22.5. Andrew is five feet, 10 inches tall, weighs 220 pounds, and has a BMI of 31.6. Who has the highest leptin blood level?

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone that is primarily secreted by adipose tissue and regulates energy balance by inhibiting hunger. It is positively correlated with body fat mass. Andrew has the highest BMI and body weight among the three, so he is likely to have the highest leptin level. A person's last meal would not affect their long-term leptin level. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Question 16

This image depicts the interaction of some of the key hormones and neurotransmitters that regulate hunger, including where they are manufactured in the body, and whether they increase (+) or decrease (-) hunger. Which letter indicates the neurotransmitter cholecystokinin?

Accepted Answer

The answer of This image depicts the interaction of some...

Question 17

According to settling-point models of weight regulation:

Accepted Answer

Settling-point models propose that weight is not regulated by a fixed set point, but rather by a dynamic equilibrium between energy intake and expenditure. The body weight will stabilize around the point at which this equilibrium is achieved.

Option A is incorrect as there is no evidence to suggest that set-point weight becomes increasingly unstable with age. Option C is incorrect because while leptin plays a role in regulating appetite, it does not settle at a genetically predetermined amount. Finally, option D is incorrect as the basal metabolic rate can vary depending on factors such as age, sex, and body composition, and it does not progressively increase until it reaches an optimal level.

Question 18

Adam, who is average height, has a body mass index of 34, which means that he is:

Accepted Answer

A body mass index (BMI) of 34 is considered in the range of obesity, regardless of the person's height. Option A is incorrect because expending more calories on vital body functions does not necessarily mean someone is slender. Option C is incorrect because a BMI of 34 indicates significant excess weight. Option D is incorrect because a BMI of 34 is not within the normal range.

Question 19

Which of the following restored normal metabolism, body temperature, immune functioning, and body weight in the genetically mutated ob/ob mice?

Accepted Answer

Supplemental leptin has been found to restore normal metabolism, body temperature, immune functioning, and body weight in genetically mutated ob/ob mice. This is because these mice have a mutation that results in a lack of leptin production, which is involved in regulating appetite and energy metabolism. By providing supplemental leptin, these functions can be restored. The other choices (B, C, and D) are unrelated to leptin and do not address the underlying mutation in the ob/ob mice.

Question 20

What percentage of U.S. adults are overweight?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 33 percent of U.S. adults are overweight.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion

This image depicts the interaction of some of the key hormones and neurotransmitters that regulate hunger, including where they are manufactured in the body, and whether they increase (+) or decrease (-) hunger. Which letter indicates the hormone ghrelin?

According to set-point theory, the natural or optimal weight that the body maintains by increases or decreases in hunger and basal metabolic rate is called the:

This image depicts the interaction of some of the key hormones and neurotransmitters that regulate hunger, including where they are manufactured in the body, and whether they increase (+) or decrease (-) hunger. Which letter indicates the neurotransmitter neuropeptide Y?

Milton is 35 years old and rarely exercises. During his annual checkup, his doctor calculated his body mass index as 27.5 and told him this number was not due to muscle or bone, so therefore he is, by definition:

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

People are considered to be _____ if they have a body mass index between 25 and 29.9, unless the BMI is due to muscle and bone rather than fat.

Genetically mutated ob/ob mice:

The body mass index:

Due to a genetic mutation, ob/ob mice lack the ability to produce:

Which of the following observations seems to undermine the basic idea of set-point theory?

The receptor sites for leptin and insulin:

This image depicts the interaction of some of the key hormones and neurotransmitters that regulate hunger, including where they are manufactured in the body, and whether they increase (+) or decrease (-) hunger. Which letter indicates the hormone leptin?

Approximately _ of American adults are considered to be overweight and another _ are considered to be obese.

Which of the following best describes the basic idea of set-point theory?

Sarah is five feet, six inches tall, weighs 143 pounds, and has a BMI of 23.1. Christopher is five feet, eight inches tall, weighs 148 pounds, and has a BMI of 22.5. Andrew is five feet, 10 inches tall, weighs 220 pounds, and has a BMI of 31.6. Who has the highest leptin blood level?

This image depicts the interaction of some of the key hormones and neurotransmitters that regulate hunger, including where they are manufactured in the body, and whether they increase (+) or decrease (-) hunger. Which letter indicates the neurotransmitter cholecystokinin?

According to settling-point models of weight regulation:

Adam, who is average height, has a body mass index of 34, which means that he is:

Which of the following restored normal metabolism, body temperature, immune functioning, and body weight in the genetically mutated ob/ob mice?

What percentage of U.S. adults are overweight?