Question 1

Following the breakup of her relationship with her boyfriend, Rosa experienced a combination of relief, anger, jealousy, nostalgia, and depression. Rosa's experience illustrates:
A) basic emotions only.
B) mixed emotions.
C) the phenomenon of amae.
D) interpersonal disengagement.

Accepted Answer

Rosa is experiencing a mix of different emotions, which is a common occurrence following a significant breakup. Mixed emotions refer to a combination of positive and negative emotions that often occur together in complex situations.

Question 2

When Jana took her first driving lesson, she experienced a number of physiological reactions, such as a racing heart, sweaty palms, and tension in her muscles. These physiological reactions involved the activation of her _____ nervous system.
A) somatic
B) sympathetic
C) parasympathetic
D) skeletal

Accepted Answer

The physiological reactions that Jana experienced during her first driving lesson, such as a racing heart, sweaty palms, and tension in her muscles, are all symptoms of the fight or flight response. This response involves the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for action in response to a perceived threat or stressor. The other options (somatic, parasympathetic, and skeletal) are not involved in the fight or flight response.

Question 3

Basic emotions:
A) are universal and biologically determined, the products of evolution.
B) are found only in young children.
C) have only one of the three characteristics of emotions.
D) are culturally determined emotions that are specific to a particular culture.

Accepted Answer

Basic emotions are believed to be universal and biologically determined. This means that they are common across different cultures and species, and that their expression and recognition are largely innate and evolutionarily adaptive. Basic emotions include happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. They are characterized by distinct facial expressions, physiological changes, and subjective experiences, and serve important communicative and regulatory functions in social interactions. While emotions may vary in intensity, duration, and complexity, basic emotions are considered to be the foundational building blocks of more complex emotions and emotional experiences.

Question 4

Cross-cultural researchers have found that different cultures classify emotions:
A) in very similar ways.
B) in very dissimilar ways.
C) along four dimensions instead of two.
D) along six dimensions instead of two.

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural researchers have found that despite cultural differences, there are universal patterns in how emotions are classified, suggesting that different cultures classify emotions in very similar ways.

Question 5

Amae is a(n):
A) hormone manufactured by the cells lining the stomach that strongly stimulates appetite (also called the "hunger hormone").
B) hormone found in the brain that decreases hunger and increases feelings of satiation.
C) other-focused emotion in Japan, meaning the sense of being lovingly cared for and unconditionally accepted by another person.
D) self-focused emotion in Japan, reflecting high levels of self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

Amae is an other-focused emotion in Japan that refers to the sense of being lovingly cared for and unconditionally accepted by another person. It is a fundamental part of Japanese interpersonal relations and is related to the concept of dependence and intimacy. It is not a hormone.

Question 6

Social context and relationships are an especially important part of private emotional experience in:
A) individualistic countries like the United States and Canada.
B) collectivistic countries like Japan.
C) rural areas as opposed to urban areas or cities.
D) urban areas or cities as opposed to rural areas.

Accepted Answer

Collectivistic cultures like Japan prioritize group harmony and social obligations, making social context and relationships particularly salient to private emotional experience. In contrast, individualistic cultures like the United States and Canada place greater emphasis on personal goals and independence, potentially decreasing the impact of social context on private emotional experience. The urban/rural divide is less relevant to this question.

Question 7

The two most basic dimensions of emotion are _____ and _____.
A) pleasantness; arousal
B) depression; elation
C) stability; instability
D) good emotions; bad emotions

Accepted Answer

The two most basic dimensions of emotion are commonly considered to be pleasantness (positive vs negative) and arousal (high vs low intensity). These dimensions are often used to describe and differentiate between different emotional experiences.

Question 8

According to Charles Darwin, emotions:
A) are a primitive form of thinking, or cognition, that still influence decision-making in modern humans.
B) reflect evolutionary adaptations that help people and animals survive and reproduce.
C) can only be experienced and expressed by humans; nonhuman animals lack the capacity to feel or express emotion.
D) are merely instinctual responses that play no role in survival or reproduction.

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin believed that emotions are adaptive, meaning they are evolutionary adaptations that aid in survival and reproduction. This is reflected in his work on the expression and recognition of emotions in humans and animals. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect as emotions do not necessarily reflect a primitive form of thinking or cognition. Option C is not true as research has shown that other animals are capable of experiencing and expressing emotions. Option D is also incorrect as emotions do play a significant role in survival and reproduction.

Question 9

Cross-cultural researchers have found that Japanese and other collectivistic cultures added a third emotional dimension, called _____, to the two basic emotional dimensions of pleasantness and arousal.
A) interdependent attachment
B) interpersonal engagement
C) emotional intelligence
D) self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

The third emotional dimension added by Japanese and other collectivistic cultures is called interpersonal engagement. This dimension reflects the degree to which an emotion involves relationships with others and social harmony, which is valued highly in collectivistic cultures.

Question 10

Contemporary evolutionary psychologists tend to view emotions as:
A) likely to disrupt goal-directed behavior, distracting people from their long-term goals and causing them to make poor decisions.
B) primitive instinctual responses that were adaptive in prehistoric times but that tend to be maladaptive in modern times.
C) less important than motives and goals.
D) the product of evolution, helping people adapt to challenges in their environments.

Accepted Answer

Contemporary evolutionary psychologists view emotions as the product of evolution, helping people adapt to challenges in their environments. Emotions are considered to be functional adaptations that have evolved over time to help individuals respond adaptively to different situations.

Question 11

When his boss yelled at him and called him lazy and incompetent just because he was five minutes late for work, Joshua simultaneously felt embarrassment, guilt, anger, shame, and anxiety. Joshua experienced:
A) anthropomorphism.
B) basic emotions only.
C) a blend of emotions.
D) activation of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Joshua experienced a blend of emotions, as he felt multiple emotions at once, including embarrassment, guilt, anger, shame, and anxiety. This is not just a basic emotion, but rather a complex mix of different feelings. It is also not related to anthropomorphism or the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 12

In a study by Ann Kring and Albert Gordon, participants watched film clips of scenes that normally produce feelings of happiness, fear, or sadness. What were the results of the study?
A) Women were more emotionally expressive than men in response to the film clips.
B) Men and women did not differ in their expression of the emotions of happiness, sadness, and fear during the film clips.
C) Compared to the men, the women reported much more intense feelings of happiness, sadness, and fear during the film clips.
D) Compared to the women, the men reported very few feelings of any kind during the film clips.

Accepted Answer

Women were found to be more emotionally expressive than men when responding to the film clips.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of an emotion that represents an evolutionary adaptation to problems of survival or reproduction?
A) Tom feels jealous and angry when another man calls up his girlfriend and asks her for a date.
B) Briana feels fearful and anxious when her 3-year-old climbs to the top of the jungle gym at the playground.
C) Jonathan wrinkles up his nose in disgust when he opens a bowl of leftover tuna fish salad that's been sitting in the refrigerator for the last month.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

All three emotions mentioned in the options (jealousy, fear, and disgust) are considered to be evolutionary adaptations to problems of survival or reproduction. Jealousy helps individuals protect their mate from potential rivals, fear helps individuals avoid danger and potential harm, and disgust helps individuals avoid potentially harmful or contaminated food. Therefore, option D is the best answer as it includes all the correct choices.

Question 14

Most emotion researchers agree that the basic emotions are:
A) greed, lust, spite, and revenge.
B) sadness, happiness, disgust, fear, surprise, and anger.
C) regret, fear, guilt, contentment, rage, resentment, pity, and joy.
D) pleasure, displeasure, arousal, and serenity.

Accepted Answer

The six basic emotions universally recognized and accepted by most researchers are sadness, happiness, disgust, fear, surprise, and anger. Option A includes emotions that are not universally recognized as basic emotions. Option C and D include emotions that are not consistently included as basic emotions in the literature.

Question 15

According to the research and information presented in the Critical Thinking box "Are Women Really More Emotional Than Men?" which of the following best accounts for gender differences in the expression of emotions?
A) Women are genetically predisposed to be more emotionally expressive than men.
B) Compared to men, women are much more physiologically reactive to stimuli that provoke feelings of sadness or happiness.
C) The expression of emotion for both men and women is strongly influenced by culturally determined display rules.
D) Men tend to be less emotionally expressive because they feel less confident and skillful in expressing emotions.

Accepted Answer

The research and information presented in the Critical Thinking box suggest that the expression of emotions for both men and women is strongly influenced by culturally determined display rules. In other words, gender differences in the expression of emotions are better explained by cultural and societal expectations rather than biological factors such as genetics or physiology. Therefore, option C is the best answer.

Question 16

Walking home late at night after watching a scary movie at a friend's house, Ashley suddenly hears a strange, shrill noise that almost sounds like a distant scream. Her heartbeat and blood pressure increase, her muscles tense, her mouth goes dry, and she begins to perspire. Ashley is experiencing the _____ component of emotion that is due to the activation of her _____.
A) psychological; sympathetic nervous system
B) physiological; sympathetic nervous system
C) subjective; parasympathetic nervous system
D) expressive or behavioral; parasympathetic nervous system

Accepted Answer

Ashley is experiencing physiological (bodily) changes due to the activation of her sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response in scary or dangerous situations. This response leads to an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, perspiration, and dry mouth. The psychological component of emotion refers to the subjective experience of the feeling itself, which in this case would be fear or anxiety. The expressive or behavioral component refers to the outward expression of the emotional state through facial expressions, body language, or vocalizations, which is not evident in this scenario. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "rest and digest" response and would not be activated in this situation.

Question 17

When it was published in 1872, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals became a bestseller. Who was the author?
A) William James
B) Walter Cannon
C) Charles Darwin
D) Abraham Maslow

Accepted Answer

The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals was written by Charles Darwin and published in 1872. It was a bestseller and is considered one of his most influential works. It examines the evolutionary origins of emotional expression in humans and animals.

Question 18

Compared with individualistic cultures, researchers have found that in the collectivistic culture of Japan:
A) only basic emotions are experienced.
B) almost all emotions are experienced with a much lower degree of arousal.
C) almost all emotions are experienced with a much higher degree of arousal.
D) an important aspect of emotional experience is the degree to which an emotion results from interaction with other people.

Accepted Answer

Researchers have found that in collectivistic cultures, an important aspect of emotional experience is the degree to which an emotion results from interaction with other people. This is because collectivistic cultures emphasize social harmony and interdependence between individuals. Therefore, emotions are often experienced in response to social situations or relationships, rather than just individual experiences.

Question 19

The term interpersonal engagement refers to:
A) a measure of relationship satisfaction used in rating emotional intelligence.
B) a measure of involvement with other people that is used to assess relatedness in self-determination theory.
C) the degree to which an emotion is experienced as positive or negative.
D) an emotion dimension reflecting the degree to which emotions involve a relationship with another person or other people.

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal engagement refers to the level or extent to which emotions involve a person's relationship with others. It is a dimension of emotion reflecting the degree to which an individual's emotions are social in nature, and it is used in several theories and research areas that include emotions and relationships. Option A refers to a measure of relationship satisfaction used in rating emotional intelligence, while option B refers to a measure of involvement with others that is used to assess relatedness in self-determination theory. Option C relates to the valence dimension of an emotion, which reflects its positivity or negativity.

Question 20

Dr. Davis describes his research as focusing on a limited number of universal emotions that are biologically determined products of evolution. Dr. Davis's research involves:
A) emotional intelligence.
B) dopamine pathways in the brain.
C) basic emotions.
D) mixed emotions.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Davis's research focuses on basic emotions, which are a limited number of universal emotions that are biologically determined products of evolution.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion

Following the breakup of her relationship with her boyfriend, Rosa experienced a combination of relief, anger, jealousy, nostalgia, and depression. Rosa's experience illustrates:

When Jana took her first driving lesson, she experienced a number of physiological reactions, such as a racing heart, sweaty palms, and tension in her muscles. These physiological reactions involved the activation of her _____ nervous system.

Basic emotions:

Cross-cultural researchers have found that different cultures classify emotions:

Amae is a(n) :

Social context and relationships are an especially important part of private emotional experience in:

The two most basic dimensions of emotion are _ and _.

According to Charles Darwin, emotions:

Cross-cultural researchers have found that Japanese and other collectivistic cultures added a third emotional dimension, called _____, to the two basic emotional dimensions of pleasantness and arousal.

Contemporary evolutionary psychologists tend to view emotions as:

When his boss yelled at him and called him lazy and incompetent just because he was five minutes late for work, Joshua simultaneously felt embarrassment, guilt, anger, shame, and anxiety. Joshua experienced:

In a study by Ann Kring and Albert Gordon, participants watched film clips of scenes that normally produce feelings of happiness, fear, or sadness. What were the results of the study?

Which of the following is an example of an emotion that represents an evolutionary adaptation to problems of survival or reproduction?

Most emotion researchers agree that the basic emotions are:

According to the research and information presented in the Critical Thinking box "Are Women Really More Emotional Than Men?" which of the following best accounts for gender differences in the expression of emotions?

When it was published in 1872, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals became a bestseller. Who was the author?

Compared with individualistic cultures, researchers have found that in the collectivistic culture of Japan:

The term interpersonal engagement refers to:

Dr. Davis describes his research as focusing on a limited number of universal emotions that are biologically determined products of evolution. Dr. Davis's research involves: