Question 1

Eating is triggered by a drastic drop in blood glucose levels, which food consumption rapidly restores.

Accepted Answer

Eating is not solely triggered by a drastic drop in blood glucose levels; it is influenced by a complex interaction of hormonal signals, neural pathways, and psychological factors.

Question 2

If your caloric intake exceeds the amount of calories expended for energy, you experience negative energy balance.

Accepted Answer

A negative energy balance occurs when the caloric intake is less than the calories expended, leading to weight loss.

Question 3

Although researchers have demonstrated that ghrelin influences appetite in studies with nonhuman animals, ghrelin does not appear to play a role in human eating behavior.

Accepted Answer

Contrary to the statement, ghrelin does appear to play a role in human eating behavior. Studies have shown that ghrelin levels increase before meals and decrease after meals, and that administering ghrelin to humans can increase appetite and food intake.

Question 4

Prior to eating, most people experience a decrease in body temperature and an increase in metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Prior to eating, most people experience a decrease in metabolism and an increase in body temperature, as digestion requires energy and produces heat.

Question 5

In a study in which rats' brains were infused with the hormone ghrelin, the rats ate voraciously and gained weight.

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates appetite, and studies have shown that infusing rats' brains with ghrelin leads to increased food intake and weight gain.

Question 6

The fact that most of us maintain a very stable baseline body weight over time reflects the process of energy homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

Energy homeostasis is the process by which our bodies regulate our energy balance in order to maintain a stable body weight over time. This involves the balancing of energy intake through food with energy expenditure through physical activity and metabolic processes. As a result of this process, most people tend to maintain a relatively stable baseline body weight, with minor fluctuations over time.

Question 7

Ghrelin is primarily manufactured by cells that line the stomach, and it stimulates the secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is primarily produced by cells that line the stomach and can stimulate the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland.

Question 8

About 30 minutes prior to eating, insulin triggers a slight decrease in blood levels of glucose, which heightens your desire to eat.

Accepted Answer

Insulin can cause a drop in blood glucose levels, which may increase hunger and the desire to eat as the body seeks to restore glucose balance.

Question 9

For most people, baseline body weight is very stable over the course of weeks, months, and even years.

Accepted Answer

Most people's baseline body weight is very stable over time. However, this can be influenced by various factors such as changes in diet, exercise habits, and medical conditions. In some cases, weight fluctuations may also be a sign of underlying health issues.

Question 10

As one of the benefits of working at Pete's Pizzeria, Aaron could eat for free. Since he began working there about two months ago, Aaron has gained 15 pounds. Aaron is experiencing negative energy balance.

Accepted Answer

A negative energy balance occurs when the calories consumed are less than the calories expended, leading to weight loss. Aaron's weight gain suggests a positive energy balance, where calorie intake exceeds expenditure.

Question 11

If your caloric intake falls short of the amount of calories expended for energy, you experience negative energy balance.

Accepted Answer

Negative energy balance occurs when calorie intake is less than the calories expended for energy, resulting in a deficit of energy needed for body functions and activities.

Question 12

The long-term matching of food intake to energy expenditure is termed energy homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

Energy homeostasis refers to the balance between energy intake (food) and energy expenditure (physical activity and other metabolic processes) over an extended period of time. This balance is important for maintaining a stable body weight and preventing chronic diseases associated with under or overnutrition.

Question 13

Research has shown that when people lose weight by dieting, their overall plasma levels of the hormone ghrelin decrease and their feelings of hunger are reduced.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that when people lose weight by dieting, their plasma levels of the hormone ghrelin actually increase, which can lead to increased feelings of hunger.

Question 14

During a meal, blood glucose levels return to normal before the food is actually digested and absorbed.

Accepted Answer

This is because the body releases insulin in response to the anticipation of food, which helps to bring blood glucose levels back to normal even before the food is metabolized.

Question 15

For six weeks following her jaw surgery, Sydney could only eat very soft or liquefied foods. During this time, Sydney lost 18 pounds. This means that Sydney was experiencing negative energy balance during her recovery.

Accepted Answer

Negative energy balance occurs when the amount of energy (calories) consumed is lower than the amount of energy expended. Since Sydney was only able to eat very soft or liquefied foods during her recovery, her calorie intake was likely lower than her usual intake, leading to a negative energy balance and weight loss.

Question 16

Because it strongly stimulates appetite, ghrelin is referred to as the hunger hormone.

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is produced in the stomach and stimulates hunger by increasing appetite and food intake. It is commonly known as the hunger hormone.

Question 17

Blood levels of glucose fluctuate wildly and unpredictably over the course of a typical day.

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose levels do fluctuate throughout the day, but they generally follow a predictable pattern influenced by meals, physical activity, and insulin regulation.

Question 18

If you experience increased blood levels of the hormone ghrelin, it will dampen or suppress your appetite.

Accepted Answer

Increased blood levels of ghrelin are actually associated with increased appetite and food intake. Ghrelin is often referred to as the "hunger hormone" because it stimulates appetite and increases food intake.

Question 19

When you are lying down and resting, the rate at which your body uses energy for vital body functions is referred to as your BMR, or basal metabolic rate.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. BMR refers to the rate at which your body uses energy for basic, vital functions while at rest, such as breathing and circulating blood. It is usually measured in calories per day.

Question 20

In a study in which ghrelin receptors in rats' brains were blocked, the rats began eating excessively and gained weight.

Accepted Answer

Blocking ghrelin receptors would likely reduce hunger and food intake, as ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates appetite.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion