Question 1

The first stage of alcoholic liver disease is

Accepted Answer

The first stage of alcoholic liver disease is fatty liver, which is characterized by the accumulation of fat in liver cells. This can cause the liver to become enlarged and tender, but it can often be reversed with abstinence from alcohol. Alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis are later stages of the disease that can result from continued heavy drinking, with cirrhosis being the most severe form. Jaundice is a symptom that can occur at any stage of liver disease and is characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes due to a buildup of bilirubin in the body.

Question 2

Which of the following is a risk factor involved in the etiology of gallstones?

Accepted Answer

Being overweight is a well-established risk factor for gallstones. This is due to the increased concentration of cholesterol in the bile of obese individuals, which can lead to the formation of stones. Being an adolescent and following low-fat diets are not established risk factors for gallstones. The presence of peptic ulcer may be a risk factor for gallbladder disease, but it is not specific to the formation of gallstones.

Question 3

The most common blood borne infection in the United States is

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis C is the most common blood borne infection in the United States, with an estimated 2.7-3.9 million people living with chronic hepatitis C. Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial infection that can cause ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, but it is not typically transmitted through blood. Hepatitis A is transmitted through contaminated food or water, not blood. Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that affects the ability to clot blood, but it is not an infection.

Question 4

Which of the following BEST describes tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Tuberculosis is a chronic, systemic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease primarily affects the lungs, but can also target other parts of the body.

Question 5

Most carbon dioxide is carried in the

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most carbon dioxide is carried in the
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Question 6

Most of the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients occurs in the

Accepted Answer

The small intestine is where most of the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients occur. It is lined with tiny finger-like projections called villi that increase the surface area for absorption. The stomach only partially digests food and the ascending colon primarily absorbs water and electrolytes. The esophagus is not involved in digestion or absorption.

Question 7

Ulcerations of the small intestine are characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Ulcerations of the small intestine are a characteristic of Crohn's disease, which is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but most commonly affects the small intestine. Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix, diverticulitis is inflammation of pouches in the colon, and Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland. None of these conditions are specifically associated with ulcerations of the small intestine.

Question 8

The Phalen's wrist flexor test is a noninvasive method for diagnosing

Accepted Answer

The Phalen's wrist flexor test is a diagnostic test used to identify carpal tunnel syndrome, a condition where the median nerve is compressed at the wrist, resulting in pain, numbness, and tingling. The test involves placing the back of the hands together and flexing the wrist to its maximum degree for one minute. If the symptoms are reproduced during this time, it indicates a positive test result for carpal tunnel syndrome.

Question 9

The most common rickettsial disease in the United Stats is

Accepted Answer

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is the most common rickettsial disease in the United States. It is transmitted through the bite of an infected tick and can cause severe symptoms such as fever, headache, rash, and in some cases can lead to organ failure and death. Hantavirus is not a rickettsial disease, it is transmitted through contact with rodent droppings. Lyme disease is also transmitted through the bite of an infected tick but is caused by a different bacteria. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a different bacteria.

Question 10

Mary Mulholland has diabetes. Her physician has told her about some factors that put her more at risk for infections. Which of the following factors would probably NOT be applicable?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood supply would not put Mary at greater risk for infections, but hypoxia (A) and increased glucose in body fluids (B) are both factors that can increase the risk of infection for individuals with diabetes.

Question 11

Portal hypertension can contribute to all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Portal hypertension affects the blood flow in the portal vein, which carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This can lead to complications such as ascites, dilation of blood vessels in the intestinal tract, and esophageal varices. However, it does not directly contribute to kidney failure.

Question 12

Which of the following is a liver function test?

Accepted Answer

AST (SGOT) is a commonly used liver function test that measures the level of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the blood. High levels of AST can indicate liver damage or disease. BUN (blood urea nitrogen) is a test used to evaluate kidney function, ECG (electrocardiogram) is a test used to evaluate heart function, and TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is a test used to evaluate thyroid function, none of which are specifically liver function tests.

Question 13

Full-blown AIDS sets in as

Accepted Answer

Full-blown AIDS occurs when the concentration of Helper T-cells decreases to a critical level. This allows opportunistic infections to take hold, leading to the symptoms of AIDS. The decrease in Helper T-cells is caused by the destruction of these cells by the HIV virus. CD4 receptors and immunity to HIV do not directly correlate with the development of AIDS. The concentration of the HIV virus in the body may decrease temporarily with treatment, but this does not prevent the progression of the disease if Helper T-cell levels continue to decline.

Question 14

The presence of fluid in the alveoli of the lungs I s characteristic of

Accepted Answer

The presence of fluid in the alveoli of the lungs is characteristic of pneumonia, which is an infection that can cause inflammation and fluid accumulation in the lungs. COPD (A) is a chronic lung disease characterized by narrowed airways and difficulty breathing, but it does not necessarily involve fluid in the lungs. Crohn's disease (B) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease and is not directly related to lung function. Tuberculosis (D) is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs, but it typically presents as nodules rather than fluid accumulation in the alveoli.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic or screening test for colorectal cancer?

Accepted Answer

Upper GI x-ray is not a diagnostic or screening test for colorectal cancer as it examines the upper part of the gastrointestinal system, not the colon or rectum. The other options, double contrast barium enema, sigmoidoscopy, and stool occult blood, are all commonly used diagnostic or screening tests for colorectal cancer.

Question 16

In general, excessive RBC breakdown could result in

Accepted Answer

Excessive breakdown of RBCs can lead to an increase in bilirubin levels, as the heme component of hemoglobin is broken down into bilirubin. This can cause jaundice and put a strain on the liver. Crohn's disease and peptic ulcers are not directly related to RBC breakdown. Elevated BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels typically indicate kidney dysfunction, which is not directly related to RBC breakdown.

Question 17

The key diagnostic finding for typical pneumonia is

Accepted Answer

Lung consolidation on a chest x-ray is the key diagnostic finding for typical pneumonia. Abnormal blood electrolytes and elevated WBC may be seen in pneumonia, but they are not specific to the diagnosis. A positive sputum culture is helpful in identifying the causative organism, but may not be present in all cases.

Question 18

Treatments for sensorineural hearing loss include

Accepted Answer

Cochlear implants are the most effective treatment for sensorineural hearing loss as they bypass damaged hair cells in the inner ear and directly stimulate the auditory nerve to send signals to the brain. Myringotomy is a procedure to relieve pressure in the middle ear, while removal of impacted cerumen (earwax) and stapedectomy are treatments for conductive hearing loss, which results from problems in the outer or middle ear rather than damage to the inner ear.

Question 19

The patient's pathology report revealed the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. This is indicative of

Accepted Answer

The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells is a characteristic finding in Hodgkin's disease. It is not typical in leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, or sarcoma.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an identified risk factor for colorectal cancer?

Accepted Answer

A high-fiber diet is actually associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer, so it is not a risk factor. Alcohol use, physical inactivity, and obesity, on the other hand, are all identified risk factors for colorectal cancer.

Exam 1: Registered Health Information Administrator