Question 1

Which of the following tests is NOT part of a liver panel?

Accepted Answer

Creatinine is a marker for kidney function and is not part of a liver panel. The liver panel typically includes tests for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST).

Question 2

The patient has no visible bleeding, but remains anemic. Her physician is concerned about possible gastrointestinal bleeding. Which of the following tests might be ordered?

Accepted Answer

The guaiac smear test (also called fecal occult blood test) detects small amounts of blood in the stool that cannot be seen with the naked eye. It is a common test used to screen for gastrointestinal bleeding.

Question 3

A serum potassium level of 2.8 would indicate

Accepted Answer

A serum potassium level of 2.8 indicates hypokalemia, which can occur in conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis due to increased urinary losses of potassium.

Question 4

Which of the following is an effect of insulin?

Accepted Answer

Insulin increases glucose metabolism by stimulating cells to uptake glucose from the bloodstream and use it for energy or storage. It does not decrease glycogen concentration in the liver or increase the breakdown of fats. Insulin actually decreases blood glucose by promoting its uptake into cells.

Question 5

Which of the following tubes conveys sperm from the seminal vesicle to the urethra?

Accepted Answer

The ejaculatory duct connects the vas deferens to the urethra and carries sperm from the seminal vesicle to the urethra. The epididymis is where sperm mature and are stored before being transported through the vas deferens to the ejaculatory duct. The oviduct, also known as the fallopian tube, is part of the female reproductive system and transports eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.

Question 6

An elevated serum amylase would be characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Elevated serum amylase is a characteristic of acute pancreatitis. Amylase is an enzyme primarily produced by the pancreas, and its elevation in the bloodstream suggests damage or inflammation to the pancreas. Gallbladder disease or renal failure may cause different symptoms or laboratory abnormalities, but not specifically elevated serum amylase.

Question 7

The most common type of vaginitis is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common type of vaginitis is
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Question 8

Older age, obesity, and family history of diabetes are all characteristics of

Accepted Answer

Older age, obesity, and family history of diabetes are all risk factors for developing type II diabetes. Type I diabetes typically presents in childhood or adolescence and is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin. Type III and IV diabetes are not recognized classifications of diabetes.

Question 9

The childhood viral disease that unvaccinated pregnant women should avoid because it may be passed to the fetus, causing congenital anomalies such as mental retardation, blindness, and deafness, is

Accepted Answer

Rubella, also known as German measles, can cause congenital anomalies if contracted by a pregnant woman and passed to the fetus. Rickets is a condition caused by a lack of vitamin D, and tetanus is not a viral disease but rather a bacterial infection. Rubeola, also known as measles, can cause serious complications but is not known to cause congenital anomalies in fetuses.

Question 10

Maria Giovanni is in the hospital recovering form surgery. Based on her symptoms, her doctors are concerned about the possibility that she has developed a pulmonary embolism. Which of the following procedures will provide the definitive diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism. It involves injecting contrast material into the pulmonary artery and taking X-rays to visualize blood flow through the lungs. Chest X-rays and lung scans may not definitively diagnose a pulmonary embolism.

Question 11

Diabetic microvascular disease occurs

Accepted Answer

Diabetic microvascular disease is caused by chronic exposure to high levels of glucose in the blood. This can damage the small blood vessels in organs such as the eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Elevated fat in the blood can contribute to macrovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis, but is not directly involved in microvascular disease. While nerve damage (neuropathy) can be a complication of diabetes, it is not the primary cause of microvascular disease. Microvascular disease can occur in both type 1 and type 2 diabetics.

Question 12

A condition that involves the fifth cranial nerve, also known as "tic douloureux," causes intense pain in either the eye and forehead; lower lip, the section of the cheek closest to the ear and the outer segment of the tongue; or the upper lip, nose and cheek.

Accepted Answer

The condition described is trigeminal neuralgia, also known as tic douloureux, which involves the fifth cranial nerve. Bell palsy is a condition involving the facial nerve and causes weakness or paralysis of facial muscles. Thrush is a fungal infection in the mouth or throat. Tourette disorder is a neurological condition characterized by repetitive and involuntary movements and vocalizations.

Question 13

Common kidney stone treatments that allow small particles to be flushed out of the body through the urinary system include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Ureteroscopy and stone basketing is a procedure that involves inserting a small camera into the ureter to locate and remove the stone. This procedure does not allow small particles to be flushed out of the body through the urinary system.

Question 14

Which of the organs listed below has endocrine and exocrine functions?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. The exocrine function involves producing and secreting digestive enzymes into the small intestine, while the endocrine function involves producing hormones like insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels.

Question 15

A procedure performed with an instrument that freezes and destroys abnormal tissues (including seborrheic keratoses, basal cell carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas) is

Accepted Answer

The procedure described involves freezing and destroying abnormal tissues, which is exactly what cryosurgery does. Choice B, electrodesiccation, involves the use of an electric current to destroy tissues, and is not specifically for freezing. Phacoemulsification (choice C) is a surgical procedure for removing cataracts in the eyes. Photocautery (choice D) uses light energy to destroy tissues, but not through freezing.

Question 16

The causative organism for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a

Accepted Answer

The causative organism for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a virus, specifically a coronavirus. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they are not the causative agent for SARS.

Question 17

Clinical manifestations of this disease include polyidpsia, polyuria, weigh loss, and hyperglycemia. Which of the following tests would be ordered to confirm the disease?

Accepted Answer

A glucose tolerance test is the most appropriate test to confirm the disease because it measures the body's ability to use glucose over time. A fasting blood sugar may be used to screen for diabetes, but it may not be definitive. Glucagon and postprandial blood sugar tests are not typically used to diagnose diabetes.

Question 18

Before leaving the hospital, all newborns are screened for an autosomal recessive genetic disorder of defective enzymatic conversion in protein metabolism. With early detection and a protein-restricted diet, brain damage is prevented. This disease is

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. Without treatment, high levels of phenylalanine can build up in the body and cause brain damage. The treatment involves a protein-restricted diet and monitoring of phenylalanine levels to prevent brain damage. Cystic fibrosis, hereditary hemochromatosis, and Tay-Sachs disease are all genetic disorders, but they do not involve enzymatic conversion in protein metabolism.

Question 19

When a decubitus ulcer has progressed to a stage in which osteomyelitis is present, the ulcer has extended to the

Accepted Answer

Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone, and it typically occurs as a result of bacteria entering through an open wound, such as a decubitus ulcer. Therefore, when a decubitus ulcer has progressed to the stage of osteomyelitis, it means that the infection has spread to the bone.

Question 20

Which of the following is a congenital condition that is the most severe neural tube defect?

Accepted Answer

Myelomeningocele is the most severe neural tube defect as it involves protrusion of the spinal cord and its covering through an opening in the spine. Meningocele involves protrusion of only the covering of the spinal cord, while spina bifida occulta is a mild form with no visible protrusion. Severe combined immunodeficiency is a genetic disorder affecting the immune system and is not related to neural tube defects.

Exam 1: Registered Health Information Administrator