Question 1

Graves' disease

Accepted Answer

Graves' disease is caused by an overactive thyroid gland due to autoimmune antibodies attacking the thyroid gland.

Question 2

Rheumatoid arthritis typically affects the

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis typically affects the small joints of the hands and feet, as well as the knees. It can also affect other joints, but the small joints are most commonly affected.

Question 3

A sweat test was done on a patient with the following symptoms: frequent respiratory infections, chronic cough, and foul-smelling bloody stools. Which of the following disease is probably suspected?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of frequent respiratory infections, chronic cough, and foul-smelling bloody stools are common in patients with cystic fibrosis. A sweat test is also a common diagnostic tool used to diagnose cystic fibrosis. The other choices (A, C, and D) do not typically present with these symptoms and are not associated with a sweat test.

Question 4

Cervical cerclage is a procedure used to help prevent

Accepted Answer

Cervical cerclage is a procedure done during pregnancy to prevent premature birth or miscarriage. It involves stitching the cervix closed to prevent it from opening too soon. It is not related to breathing, torsion, or torticollis.

Question 5

Decrease in blood pressure, salivation, and heart rate are examples of

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for regulating bodily functions during rest and relaxation, which includes decreased blood pressure, salivation, and heart rate. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response and would increase these functions, so option D is not correct. Option A is too broad and could encompass both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system responses, as well as other automatic responses like reflexes. Higher brain function, option B, refers to conscious thought and decision-making, which is not involved in these automatic bodily functions.

Question 6

Which of the following BEST summarizes the current treatment of cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

The current treatment of cervical cancer includes a new three-shot vaccine series that protects against the types of HPV that cause most cervical cancer cases. It is important to note that while the vaccine can prevent the development of the cancer, it is not a treatment for those who already have it.

Question 7

How can Gravews' disease be treated?

Accepted Answer

All three options are viable treatments for Graves' disease, but the choice of treatment depends on the severity of the condition, patient preference, and possible complications. Antithyroid drugs, such as methimazole or propylthiouracil, are usually the first line of treatment and work by decreasing the production of thyroid hormones. Radioactive iodine therapy is another option that involves a single dose of radioactive iodine, which destroys or damages the overactive thyroid cells, reducing hormone production. Surgery, such as thyroidectomy or partial thyroidectomy, may also be considered in certain cases where the patient is unresponsive to other treatments or has complications from the disease. Therefore, all three options can be used in the treatment of Graves' disease.

Question 8

A toxic goiter has what distinguishing characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A toxic goiter is characterized by thyroid hyperfunction, which leads to excessive hormone production and secretion, causing an enlargement of the thyroid gland. This condition is also known as hyperthyroidism.

Question 9

United States healthcare providers are concerned about a possible pandemic of avian flu because

Accepted Answer

Healthcare providers are concerned about a possible pandemic of avian flu because there is currently no vaccine available, the causative virus is known to mutate easily, and the virus is being spread around the world by migratory birds. All of these factors contribute to the potential for a widespread and deadly outbreak.

Question 10

The hypothalamus, thalamus, and pituitary gland are all parts of the

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus, thalamus, and pituitary gland are all part of the limbic system, which is responsible for regulating emotions, memory, and certain aspects of the endocrine system.

Question 11

Photophobia or visual aura preceding a headache is characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Photophobia or visual aura preceding a headache is a classic symptom of migraines. Malnutrition, mastitis, and myasthenia gravis do not typically present with these symptoms.

Question 12

"Pill-rolling" tremor is a characteristic symptom of

Accepted Answer

"Pill-rolling" tremor is a classic symptom of Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement and coordination. The tremor is named for the rolling motion of the fingers that resembles rolling a pill between the thumb and fingers.

Question 13

Margaret Vargas need to have her mitral valve replaced. Her surgeon will discuss which of the following issues with her before the surgery?

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed are important things for the surgeon to discuss with Margaret before her mitral valve replacement surgery. It is important that she understands the potential risks and benefits of different valve replacement options so that she can make an informed decision about her treatment.

Question 14

Children at higher risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) include those

Accepted Answer

Children at higher risk for SIDS include those with sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and premature infants.

Question 15

In ___________ anemia the red blood cells become shaped like elongated crescents in the presence of low oxygen concentration.

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that causes the red blood cells to become sickle-shaped or crescent-shaped in the presence of low oxygen concentration. This abnormal shape makes it difficult for the cells to pass through small blood vessels leading to various complications.

Question 16

__________ is usually the first symptom of benign prostate hyperplasia.

Accepted Answer

Difficulty in urinating is the usual first symptom of benign prostate hyperplasia.

Question 17

Bone mineral density (BMD) is a useful diagnostic test for

Accepted Answer

Bone mineral density (BMD) measures the amount of mineral in bones, which is decreased in osteoporosis. Therefore, BMD is a useful diagnostic test for osteoporosis. It is not used to diagnose osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, or rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 18

A patient is on Coumadin therapy. Which of the following tests is commonly ordered to monitor the patient's Coumadin levels?

Accepted Answer

Prothrombin time (PT) is commonly ordered to monitor Coumadin levels as it measures the patient's ability to clot blood in response to Coumadin therapy. PT measures the time it takes for a clot to form in a sample of blood after a reagent is added. The results are reported as the international normalized ratio (INR), which is a standardized measure of blood clotting time. A therapeutic INR range for Coumadin therapy is typically 2.0-3.0.

Question 19

Fractures occur in patients with osteoporosis due to

Accepted Answer

Fractures occur in patients with osteoporosis due to loss of bone mass, which makes bones weak and brittle, resulting in an increased risk of fractures even with minor trauma or falls. Choice A and D may contribute to increased risk, but the primary cause is the loss of bone mass. Choice B is not related to osteoporosis.

Question 20

Henry experienced sudden sharp chest pain that he described as heavy and crushing. His paint and past medical history cause Dr. James to suspect that Henry was having a myocardial infarction. Which of the following tests is a more specific marker for a mi?

Accepted Answer

Troponin I is a more specific marker for a myocardial infarction compared to the other options listed. AST and LHI can be elevated in many different conditions and are not specific to heart damage, while CK-MB can be elevated in other conditions that cause muscle damage as well. Troponin I, on the other hand, is a protein found specifically in heart muscle, and its elevation in the blood is a good indicator of cardiac damage.

Exam 1: Registered Health Information Administrator