Question 1

In the U. S. today, about what percent of unmarried young adults between the ages of 35 and 44 live with others who are not their spouse.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 25% of unmarried young adults between the ages of 35 and 44 in the U.S. live with others who are not their spouse, reflecting trends in cohabitation and shared living arrangements.

Question 2

If adults in working-class, dual-income household choose to work in "off-shift" schedules, the reason usually is:

Accepted Answer

Choosing to work off-shift schedules may provide the benefit of less need for childcare outside the home, as one of the parents can be with the children during the day while the other works. This can save money on childcare expenses and may also reduce stress on the parents as they don't have to worry about leaving their children with someone else. However, it may also create stress for the off-shift worker as they may have to adjust to working during non-traditional hours. While more money or less stress on the spouse may be possible reasons, they are not necessarily the primary reasons for choosing to work off-shift schedules in a dual-income household.

Question 3

In the U. S. today, on average women make about _____ for every dollar earned by a man.

Accepted Answer

On average, women make about $0.81 for every dollar earned by a man in the U.S. This is known as the gender pay gap. While there are many factors that contribute to this gap, including occupational segregation and discrimination, it persists across industries and educational levels.

Question 4

In the United States today, about what percent of young people age 18-24 live at home with one or more parents?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 50% of young people aged 18-24 in the United States live at home with one or more parents, influenced by factors such as economic conditions, educational pursuits, and cultural trends.

Question 5

In 2010, how many weeks of unpaid family leave are companies required to give their employees (both male and female) by federal law?

Accepted Answer

In 2010, companies were required by federal law to provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid family leave to eligible employees (both male and female) for reasons such as the birth or adoption of a child, caring for a family member with a serious health condition, or a personal medical condition. This is specified under the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993.

Question 6

According to the text, when women take on multiple roles, such as working and raising a family, what impact does this typically have on their mental health?

Accepted Answer

As noted in the text, taking on multiple roles has been shown to contribute to, not detract from, mental health.

Question 7

According to research presented in the text, compared to women who don't work outside the home, women who do work are psychologically ______ healthy and this trend is stronger for women who work because _______________.

Accepted Answer

The text notes that working women tend to be both physically and psychologically healthier than nonworking women. Women who enjoy their work benefit more from the multiple roles they take on; this may be one reason that professional women actually gain more physical and psychological benefits from their work than do clerical workers, despite the greater responsibilities and stresses of their jobs.

Question 8

If Alice and Arthur are a typical married couple who both work full-time, compared to Arthur, Alice will do _______ of the daily housework.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that even when both spouses are employed full-time, wives continue to
do 2 to 3 times more of the daily housework than their husbands.

Question 9

Generalizing from research described in the text, if you were to study couples in dual-earner families, you would expect to find the highest levels of stress for people in which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

Both men and women experience role conflicts stemming from job demands, work hours, family and work-scheduling conflicts, and family crises. Although both men and women in dual-earner couples experience these conflicts, women typically report higher levels of conflict between work and family roles. The role conflict experienced by professional women is particularly acute when they work long hours and are under time pressures.

Question 10

Compared to previous decades, the average age at which people in the U. S. marry today has ________ for men and _________ for women.

Accepted Answer

The average age at which people marry in the U.S. has increased for both men and women compared to previous decades.

Question 11

According to the text, which of the following statements is most accurate about women who work in traditionally male professions?

Accepted Answer

Women in traditionally male professions, such as business, law, and medicine, have career plans that are very similar to those of men pursuing the same careers.

Question 12

Generalizing from statistics reported in the text, you should conclude that the percentages of young adults in which of the following groups changes the LEAST between the ages of 20 and 35?

Accepted Answer

The percentage of young adults who live alone tends to change the least between the ages of 20 and 35, as many individuals who live alone do so consistently throughout this age range, unlike other living arrangements which are more likely to change due to marriage, cohabitation, or moving back in with parents.

Question 13

120 Generalizing from statistics reported in the text, which of the following people would be expected to spend the most money on alcohol and luxury items?

Accepted Answer

According to the text, single people who live alone spend more on alcohol ($314 per year compared to $181), as well as on reading materials, health care, and tobacco products: They also are more likely to buy themselves luxuries, even in the face of a declining economy, than are married people and those who live with roommates.
Current Issues: Juggling Work and Family Roles - The Special Challenge for Low-Income, Dual-Career Couples

Question 14

Generalizing from research described in the text, about what percent of the adults in dual-earner families would you expect to report being "uncomfortable" about the wife's working outside the home?

Accepted Answer

In one study cited in the text, 78% of the men and 65% of the women recognized the necessity of the wives' income, but they were uncomfortable about it.
Changing Perspectives: Living Together or Living Alone

Question 15

In comparison to their male counterparts, women in which of the groups make the LEAST amount of money?

Accepted Answer

White women typically make the least amount of money compared to their male counterparts. While African American and Hispanic American women also experience significant wage gaps, white women have the smallest gap between their average earnings and the average earnings of white men within the same racial ethnic group.

Question 16

In comparison to how men typically proceed through their career trajectories, the word(s) that best describes how women progress would be:

Accepted Answer

As the text notes, women who work outside the home do not necessarily follow the same type of career patterns that are typical for men. Instead they follow a variety of patterns.

Question 17

According to the text, which of the following types of household is now the norm in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The text states that "dual-earner households have become the norm in the United States." Therefore, the best choice is C, as the others do not align with the information presented in the text.

Question 18

According to a study by Perry-Jenkins on working-class, dual-income couples, about what percent of these families include an adult who works during "off-shift" hours (not in the 8-to-5 traditional shift) ?

Accepted Answer

According to the study by Perry-Jenkins, about 33% of working-class, dual-income couples include an adult who works during "off-shift" hours.

Question 19

In choosing a career, a woman is more likely than a man to emphasize the importance of:

Accepted Answer

Women are more like than men to choose occupations that allow for more flexibility.

Question 20

Suppose you study two groups of women who were employed part-time: one group of women who describe themselves as career oriented and one group who describe themselves as not being career oriented. If your results were the same as those of a similar study described in the text, compared to women who work full-time, you would expect that the self-esteem of the career-oriented women working part-time would be ______ and the self-esteem of the non-career-oriented women would be ______ women working full-time.

Accepted Answer

In a study cited in the text, researchers found that those women who described themselves as career-oriented were much happier and had higher self-esteem and more positive self-concepts when they were employed full-time than when they were temporarily unemployed or were working at part-time jobs or jobs that underutilized their skills. The results were quite different for women who described themselves as not being career-oriented. Their self-esteem and life satisfaction were not related to whether they were employed full-time or part-time.

Quiz 13: Young Adulthood: Personality and Sociocultural Development