Question 1

Although different cultures have widely varying marriage rituals, marriage-type arrangements are seen across cultures.

Accepted Answer

While the specific rituals and customs associated with marriage vary widely across cultures, the concept of two individuals entering into some type of recognized and committed partnership is found in many societies.

Question 2

In comparison to the 1950s and 1960s, today there are fewer numbers of young adults who are single (not married).

Accepted Answer

There are more single adults today than in the 1950s and 1960s.
The Family Life Cycle and Adult Development

Question 3

According to Sternberg, when a relationship is characterized by a high degree of intimacy, passion, and decision/commitment, this defines the type of love called romantic love.

Accepted Answer

When all 3 of these features are present, this is called consummate love.

Question 4

The number of couples cohabiting today in the U. S. is more than 15 times larger than it was in 1970.

Accepted Answer

According to a report from the Pew Research Center, the number of cohabiting couples in the U.S. has increased more than 15 times since 1970.

Question 5

Suppose you study a group of working-class, dual-income couples who have just had a baby. In all of these families, one of the parents agrees to work "off-shift" in hours different from the traditional 8-to-5 workday. Generalizing from research described in the text, in the first year of your study, you would expect to see that the off-shift work was especially difficult for _______ and in the third year of your study, you would expect to observe that off-shift work was especially difficult for ___________.

Accepted Answer

According to a study cited in the text, in the early stages of parenting when children are young, off-shift work was more detrimental to maternal health and well-being than to paternal health. Mothers working off-shifts got less sleep and had more difficulty juggling baby care with work demands, and they were more often depressed than those on regular work schedules. A year later, shift work for either the mother or father typically began to interfere with the couple's relationship with each other-wives reported less marital love. By the second year of shift work, fathers also were reporting less marital love.

Question 6

When a young adult gets her first job and is able to become financially independent from her parents, this would be considered to be an example of functional independence.

Accepted Answer

Functional independence refers to the ability to carry out tasks of daily living and achieve goals without significant assistance or support from others. Becoming financially independent from parents is a significant step towards achieving functional independence.

Question 7

According to Maslow's theory, the need of self-actualization is always the most important need that adults strive to satisfy.

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization is the highest level of Maslow's need hierarchy, but lower-level needs, such as the physiological and safety needs, must be satisfied before the adult can focus on satisfying the need for self-actualization.

Question 8

To say that a friendship has mutuality means that friends care about each other, and to say that it has reciprocity implies that friendships are two-way, with both friends supporting each other.

Accepted Answer

This is correct as mutuality and reciprocity both refer to a mutual exchange of care and support between friends, indicating a two-way relationship.

Question 9

The biggest problem associated with the government's current public assistance program for parents and children is that it perpetuates a "culture of generational poverty."

Accepted Answer

The aim of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act was to break the culture of poverty by helping welfare mothers become independent, self-sufficient workers. Its biggest problems include the lack of affordable child care and the low-income jobs at which most women in the program work. Thus, women are working, but they do not make enough money to pay for child care and support their families.

Question 10

Conditions of worth express Rogers's concern that parents will withhold their love and affection until the child behaves in the manner the parents desire.

Accepted Answer

Conditions of worth reflect Rogers's belief that parental love and approval should be unconditional, not based on the child's behavior or achievements. When parents place conditions of worth on their affection, the child may feel pressured to conform to their expectations rather than developing a sense of self based on their own desires and values. This can cause the child to experience anxiety, low self-esteem, and a lack of authenticity in their relationships.

Question 11

Workers whose jobs have high pay, good working conditions, and supportive coworkers would be expected to have higher levels of job satisfaction than those who work in interesting jobs that use their best talents.

Accepted Answer

High pay, good working conditions, and supportive coworkers are all extrinsic job factors, whereas interesting work that is matched to the worker's talents is an intrinsic job factor. Workers usually report the highest levels of job satisfaction when their jobs are characterized by positive intrinsic, rather than extrinsic, factors.

Question 12

When the first baby is born, women usually respond by adjusting their lifestyles to give priority to parenting and family roles, whereas men more often intensify their work efforts.

Accepted Answer

This statement is generally true, based on societal and cultural norms and expectations surrounding gender roles and parenting. However, it is important to note that individual experiences and choices may vary.

Question 13

Of families living in poverty, the highest percentage is comprised of families headed by a single mother.

Accepted Answer

According to various studies and reports, families headed by single mothers are more likely to experience poverty and financial difficulties compared to two-parent households or families headed by single fathers.

Question 14

In most important ways, gay and lesbian couples are very much like heterosexual married couples.

Accepted Answer

Gay and lesbian couples have the same emotional, physical, and financial needs as heterosexual married couples. They want to build strong relationships, share their lives, take care of each other, establish families, and receive the same legal protections and benefits as straight couples.

Question 15

Although cohabiting heterosexual couples experience more tension than married couples, cohabiting gay male couples and lesbian couples have the highest level of tension of all.

Accepted Answer

Cohabiting heterosexual couples exhibit more tension in their relationships than married couples, gay male couples, or lesbian female couples.

Question 16

In 2010, over 50% of all families were headed by a single parent, and of these, the large majority of single-parent families were headed by a woman.

Accepted Answer

In 2010, about 26% of all families were headed by a single parent, with 25% being headed by a woman and 4% being headed by a man.

Question 17

If, in a particular culture, marriages are arranged such that families consider the benefits and limitations of each possible match for a daughter, the theory that would best explain this sort of behavior would be stimulus-value-role theory.

Accepted Answer

Stimulus-value-role theory proposes that individuals go through three stages of mate selection- the first being the stimulus stage where attraction is based on external qualities, the second being the value stage where compatibility in beliefs and values is considered, and the third being the role stage where roles and responsibilities within the relationship are evaluated. In cultures where arranged marriages are common, families may be evaluating the potential match for their daughter based on their beliefs about compatibility and shared values, which aligns with the second stage of the theory.

Question 18

The proportion of two-parent families has declined more than 50% in the past 40 years.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The proportion of two-parent families has declined...

Question 19

Parents respond differently to children at different ages, but generally if a parent responds well at one age, the parent will respond well at every age for that child.

Accepted Answer

Parents who cope well with children at one stage of development may have trouble coping at other developmental stages, and parents who have difficulty at one stage may cope successfully at other stages of development.

Question 20

When cohabiting couples do marry, their marriages involve greater commitment and are less likely to end in divorce, compared to couples who marry without cohabiting first.

Accepted Answer

Cohabiting couples who marry experience less commitment in their marriages and are more likely to divorce, compared to couples who marry without cohabiting first.

Quiz 13: Young Adulthood: Personality and Sociocultural Development