Question 1

Mrs. Lee has just found out that she has stage 4 cancer and will probably not live for another year. She really wants to see her new grandchild who will be born in 5 months and would be willing to give up any additional time if she can just make it that long. According to Kubler-Ross's theory about death, Mrs. Lee is engaging in
A)acceptance
B)denial
C)bargaining
D)depression
E)anger

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Lee's willingness to give up any additional time in exchange for living long enough to see her new grandchild is indicative of the bargaining stage in Kubler-Ross's theory of death and dying. This stage involves negotiating or making deals, often with a higher power, for more time or a relief from suffering.

Question 2

James is a young child and he has just learned something very interesting. He used to think that all dogs were small with long hair. But when he met the neighbour's dog who is large with short hair, he had to modify his category of "dogs." This reflects Piaget's concept of
A)accommodation
B)assimilation
C)disequilibrium
D)object permanence
E)conservation

Accepted Answer

Accommodation occurs when new information or experiences cause you to modify your existing schemas. In this case, James had to adjust his understanding of what a dog can look like, which is a perfect example of accommodation according to Piaget's theory.

Question 3

Josh is considering streaming movies from a BitTorrent site rather than paying a cable company for each movie. He finally decides that he will not do this because even though he would save money, it is not ethical to infringe of the copyright of others. According to Kohlberg, Josh is in which stage of moral development?
A)Preconventional
B)Conventional
C)Postconventional
D)Preoperational
E)Denial

Accepted Answer

Josh's decision is based on ethical principles that go beyond societal norms or laws, which aligns with Kohlberg's postconventional stage of moral development. This stage involves making decisions based on personal principles of right and wrong.

Question 4

At the mall, you notice a mother with her one-year-old child. A man sits down beside her and mom has to leave to make a phone call. The child seems fearful when mom was present and is highly distressed when she left. According to Ainsworth, this child is
A)anxious-resistant
B)anxious-avoidant
C)securely attached
D)disorganized
E)disoriented

Accepted Answer

The child's behavior of being fearful when the mother is present and highly distressed when she leaves is indicative of an anxious-resistant attachment style, according to Ainsworth's attachment theory. This style is characterized by children who are ambivalent about the caregiver's presence, seeking closeness but also resisting contact or interaction.

Question 5

Mrs. Lee has just found out that she has stage 4 cancer and will probably not live for another year. She thinks that her doctor is terribly wrong and wants a second and a third opinion. She knows that this could not happen to her-she has done everything "right" all of her life. According to Kubler-Ross's theory about death, Mrs. Lee is engaging in
A)acceptance
B)denial
C)bargaining
D)depression
E)anger

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Lee's refusal to accept her terminal diagnosis and her belief that it could not happen to her because she has done everything "right" all her life is indicative of denial, which is the first stage of Kübler-Ross's five stages of grief.

Question 6

Young children like stuffed toys. They like to hold them close and squeeze them. Most likely, this is because the toy provides
A)an imprinting target
B)contact comfort
C)an increase in separation anxiety
D)a degree of insecure attachment
E)relief from isolation

Accepted Answer

Stuffed toys provide "contact comfort" for young children, which is the pleasure derived from physical closeness. This concept was demonstrated in studies by Harry Harlow with rhesus monkeys, showing that the need for comfort and security is as fundamental as the need for food.

Question 7

Assimilation is to accommodation as
A)egocentrism is to object permanence
B)incorporation is to change
C)regulation is to expression
D)trust is to mistrust
E)temperament is to personality

Accepted Answer

Assimilation involves incorporating new experiences into existing schemas, while accommodation involves changing existing schemas to incorporate new experiences. This is similar to "incorporation is to change," where incorporation can be seen as a form of assimilation and change as a form of accommodation.

Question 8

Paulo is 5 years old. His older brother likes to fool him when they are drinking juice-he pours Paulo's juice into a tall, thin glass so that Paulo thinks he is getting more. This deception reflects Piaget's concept of
A)accommodation
B)assimilation
C)disequilibrium
D)object permanence
E)conservation

Accepted Answer

This deception reflects Piaget's concept of conservation, which is the understanding that quantity does not change despite changes in the shape or appearance of objects. Paulo's brother is exploiting Paulo's lack of understanding of this concept by making it seem like there is more juice when it is in a taller, thinner glass.

Question 9

James is a young child and he has just learned something very interesting. He learned that his pet named Rover and the neighbour's pet named Lassie are both examples of the same category-dogs. This reflects Piaget's concept of
A)accommodation
B)assimilation
C)disequilibrium
D)object permanence
E)conservation

Accepted Answer

James is assimilating new information (Rover and Lassie are both dogs) into his existing cognitive schema for dogs. This process of incorporating new experiences into existing frameworks is known as assimilation according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 10

Karen is worried about her grandfather. He's quite old and his information processing abilities are starting to decline. While he might show some deficits, which of the following should she be LEAST concerned about?
A)Perceptual speed
B)Ability to remember new factual information
C)Spatial memory
D)Episodic memory
E)Recall of facts

Accepted Answer

The answer of Karen is worried about her grandfather. He's...

Question 11

A teenager has not really experienced an identity crisis, but had already committed to his parent's values. According to Marcia's work on the search for identity, this teenager is in a state of
A)foreclosure
B)moratorium
C)identity achievement
D)identity diffusion
E)role confusion

Accepted Answer

Foreclosure occurs when an individual commits to an identity without exploring alternatives, often adopting values and expectations from parents or authority figures without question.

Question 12

Mrs. Lee has just found out that she has stage 4 cancer and will probably not live for another year. She thinks that her doctor is terribly wrong and wants a second and a third opinion. She knows that this could not happen to her-she has done everything "right" all of her life. According to Kubler-Ross's theory about death, Mrs. Lee is currently in the stage of _____, which will be directly followed by _____.
A)acceptance; anger
B)denial; anger
C)bargaining; depression
D)depression; acceptance
E)anger; denial

Accepted Answer

According to Kubler-Ross's theory about death and dying, the stages occur in the following order: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Mrs. Lee's disbelief and refusal to accept her diagnosis indicate she is in the denial stage, which is directly followed by anger.

Question 13

Josh is considering streaming movies from a BitTorrent site rather than paying a cable company for each movie. He finally decides that he will not do this because if he gets caught, he will be in trouble. According to Kohlberg, Josh is in which stage of moral development?
A)Preconventional
B)Conventional
C)Postconventional
D)Preoperational
E)Denial

Accepted Answer

Josh is in the Preconventional stage of moral development according to Kohlberg. This stage is characterized by an individual's decision-making being based on avoiding punishment or seeking personal gain, rather than on societal norms or ethical principles. Josh's decision is driven by the desire to avoid the negative consequences (trouble) of his actions, which aligns with the characteristics of the Preconventional stage.

Question 14

A teenager has not really experienced an identity crisis and appears unconcerned about identity issues. According to Marcia's work on the search for identity, this teenager is in a state of
A)foreclosure
B)moratorium
C)identity achievement
D)identity diffusion
E)role confusion

Accepted Answer

Identity diffusion is characterized by a lack of direction or commitment to any particular identity, often accompanied by an apparent lack of concern about identity issues.

Question 15

Yan and Christie are having a discussion about politics. Both are able to reason abstractly, buy Christie is able to accept contradictions and acknowledge Yan's opposing viewpoint. Most likely we would say that Christie has reached the stage of
A)sensorimotor thought
B)preoperational thought
C)concrete operational thought
D)formal operational thought
E)post-formal thought

Accepted Answer

Christie's ability to accept contradictions and acknowledge opposing viewpoints indicates she has reached the stage of post-formal thought. This stage goes beyond Piaget's formal operational stage by incorporating the understanding that truth varies from situation to situation and that contradictions can be integrated into a comprehensive whole.

Question 16

At the mall, you notice a mother with her one-year-old child. A man sits down beside her and mom has to leave to make a phone call. The child does not cry when mom leaves and does not cling to her when she returns. According to Ainsworth, this child is
A)anxious-resistant
B)anxious-avoidant
C)securely attached
D)disorganized
E)disoriented

Accepted Answer

According to Ainsworth's attachment theory, a child who does not show distress when their mother leaves and does not seek comfort or show a preference for the mother upon return is demonstrating signs of an anxious-avoidant attachment style. This behavior indicates the child has learned to suppress their need for comfort and closeness from their caregiver.

Question 17

Jill is 12 months old. Her mom often hides her favourite toy under the table when she plays with her. Jill is absolutely surprised when the toy is brought back to the table again. Jill's surprise reflects Piaget's concept of
A)accommodation
B)assimilation
C)disequilibrium
D)object permanence
E)conservation

Accepted Answer

Jill's surprise reflects the concept of object permanence, which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or otherwise sensed. This is a key developmental stage in Piaget's theory, typically emerging around 8 to 12 months of age.

Question 18

Diego is 65 years old. As he looks back at his life he realizes that he has resolved most of the crises he had to face. He has a sense of completeness. According to Erikson, Diego has achieved
A)generativity
B)integrity
C)intimacy
D)isolation
E)autonomy

Accepted Answer

According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, the stage that Diego is experiencing is called "Integrity vs. Despair," which typically occurs in late adulthood (65 years and older). Achieving integrity means looking back on one's life with a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction, having resolved most life crises, which is exactly what Diego is experiencing.

Question 19

A teenager is currently experiencing an identity crisis, but has not resolved it. According to Marcia's work on the search for identity, this teenager is in a state of
A)foreclosure
B)moratorium
C)identity achievement
D)identity diffusion
E)role confusion

Accepted Answer

Moratorium is the stage in Marcia's theory of identity development where an individual is actively exploring options but has not yet made a commitment. This aligns with the description of a teenager experiencing an identity crisis without resolution.

Question 20

At the mall, you notice a mother with her one-year-old child. A man sits down beside her and mom has to leave to make a phone call. The child is distressed when she leaves, calmed when she returns. According to Ainsworth, this child is
A)anxious-resistant
B)anxious-avoidant
C)securely attached
D)disorganized
E)disoriented

Accepted Answer

This behavior is indicative of a securely attached child, as per Ainsworth's attachment theory. The distress when the mother leaves and the calming upon her return demonstrate the child's secure base and safe haven dynamics with the caregiver.

Quiz 12: Development Over the Lifespan

James is a young child and he has just learned something very interesting. He used to think that all dogs were small with long hair. But when he met the neighbour's dog who is large with short hair, he had to modify his category of "dogs." This reflects Piaget's concept of

At the mall, you notice a mother with her one-year-old child. A man sits down beside her and mom has to leave to make a phone call. The child seems fearful when mom was present and is highly distressed when she left. According to Ainsworth, this child is

Young children like stuffed toys. They like to hold them close and squeeze them. Most likely, this is because the toy provides

Assimilation is to accommodation as

Paulo is 5 years old. His older brother likes to fool him when they are drinking juice-he pours Paulo's juice into a tall, thin glass so that Paulo thinks he is getting more. This deception reflects Piaget's concept of

James is a young child and he has just learned something very interesting. He learned that his pet named Rover and the neighbour's pet named Lassie are both examples of the same category-dogs. This reflects Piaget's concept of

Karen is worried about her grandfather. He's quite old and his information processing abilities are starting to decline. While he might show some deficits, which of the following should she be LEAST concerned about?

A teenager has not really experienced an identity crisis, but had already committed to his parent's values. According to Marcia's work on the search for identity, this teenager is in a state of

Josh is considering streaming movies from a BitTorrent site rather than paying a cable company for each movie. He finally decides that he will not do this because if he gets caught, he will be in trouble. According to Kohlberg, Josh is in which stage of moral development?

A teenager has not really experienced an identity crisis and appears unconcerned about identity issues. According to Marcia's work on the search for identity, this teenager is in a state of

Yan and Christie are having a discussion about politics. Both are able to reason abstractly, buy Christie is able to accept contradictions and acknowledge Yan's opposing viewpoint. Most likely we would say that Christie has reached the stage of

At the mall, you notice a mother with her one-year-old child. A man sits down beside her and mom has to leave to make a phone call. The child does not cry when mom leaves and does not cling to her when she returns. According to Ainsworth, this child is

Jill is 12 months old. Her mom often hides her favourite toy under the table when she plays with her. Jill is absolutely surprised when the toy is brought back to the table again. Jill's surprise reflects Piaget's concept of

Diego is 65 years old. As he looks back at his life he realizes that he has resolved most of the crises he had to face. He has a sense of completeness. According to Erikson, Diego has achieved

A teenager is currently experiencing an identity crisis, but has not resolved it. According to Marcia's work on the search for identity, this teenager is in a state of

At the mall, you notice a mother with her one-year-old child. A man sits down beside her and mom has to leave to make a phone call. The child is distressed when she leaves, calmed when she returns. According to Ainsworth, this child is