Question 1

Trang is participating in an attachment experiment involving the strange situation. When his mother is present with the stranger, Trang explores the room and is friendly with the stranger. However, when the mother leaves, he becomes upset and starts to cry. When she returns, Trang happily greets her and then returns to his previous explorations. Trang would most likely be classified as a(n) _______________ child.

Accepted Answer

Trang's behavior is indicative of a securely attached child, as he explores his environment when his mother is present, shows distress when she leaves, and is easily comforted upon her return, resuming his exploration. This pattern reflects a healthy attachment where the child feels safe and secure with their caregiver's presence and support.

Question 2

The study by Ames and colleagues at Simon Fraser University and Chisholm of St. Francis Xavier University on Romanian orphans adopted into Canadian homes found that two years after adoption

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study by Ames and colleagues at...

Question 3

Louise, who is at a middle-income socio-economically, has carefully chosen high-quality afterschool care for her child. She knows that overall, out-of home care will not hurt her attachment with her child. In fact, Louise learns that

Accepted Answer

The quality of family relationships plays a more significant role in a child's social adjustment than the amount of time spent in out-of-home care.

Question 4

According to Baumrind's research conducted on parenting styles, the one that is associated with the most positive childhood outcomes is the ____________ style.

Accepted Answer

Baumrind's research identifies the authoritative parenting style as the most beneficial for children. This style is characterized by high responsiveness and high demands, leading to children who are more socially competent, responsible, and capable of managing their emotions.

Question 5

Recent studies indicate that children from divorced families are more likely to suffer from all of the following problems EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Recent studies have shown that while children from divorced families may face a variety of challenges, including higher divorce rates as adults, increased likelihood of dropping out of school, and a greater chance of becoming unmarried teen parents, there is not a direct, consistent link established between coming from a divorced family and having a criminal record. The other options (A, B, C) are supported by research findings, but the correlation between parental divorce and criminal behavior in children is less clear and not as strongly supported by evidence.

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding the potential impact of daycare is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that daycare, in general, does not significantly affect the quality of infants' attachments to their parents unless multiple negative factors are present.

Question 7

Studies of human and animal isolates suggest that, during infancy, attachment forms most easily and facilitates later development. Therefore infancy is a ___________ period.

Accepted Answer

A sensitive period is a time during development when an individual is more responsive to certain stimuli and quicker to learn particular skills. Attachment forming during infancy is considered a sensitive period because it is an optimal time for this development, but not the only time it can occur.

Question 8

The most negative developmental outcomes are associated with which of the following parenting styles?

Accepted Answer

Neglectful parenting, characterized by a lack of responsiveness to a child's needs, can lead to the most negative developmental outcomes, including issues with attachment, emotional well-being, and social competence.

Question 9

Harlow found that when "isolate" monkeys were returned to the colony, they were likely to show any of the following characteristics EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The answer of Harlow found that when "isolate" monkeys were...

Question 10

All of the following were mentioned as characteristics of children with secure attachment EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Getting better grades is not directly mentioned as a characteristic of children with secure attachment in the context of attachment theory. Secure attachment primarily influences social and emotional development, such as social adjustment, capacity for compassion, and altruism, rather than academic performance.

Question 11

Children who are classified as anxious-avoidant exhibit little separation anxiety, whereas children classified as _______________ show a great deal of distress when separated from primary caregiver.

Accepted Answer

Children classified as anxious-resistant exhibit significant distress upon separation from their primary caregiver, contrasting with anxious-avoidant children who show little separation anxiety. This classification is part of attachment theory, which describes how children develop emotional bonds with their caregivers.

Question 12

Research by Pea and colleagues on the relationship between social media and well-being indicates that

Accepted Answer

Research by Pea and colleagues generally found that social media, regardless of type, had a negative relationship with social well-being, highlighting concerns about its impact on mental health and social interactions.

Question 13

Robert and Chris have recently married, and Robert brings with him two children from a previous marriage. Studies suggest that Robert's kids will show the highest levels of adjustment if

Accepted Answer

Studies indicate that in blended families, it's beneficial for the biological parent to take the lead in discipline, with the stepparent supporting this authority. This approach helps maintain stability and respect for the parent-child relationship, aiding in the children's adjustment.

Question 14

Which of the following statements concerning divorce is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Divorce can lead to both short- and long-term challenges for children, but the majority of children from divorced families grow up to be well-adjusted adults. This acknowledges the potential difficulties while also recognizing the resilience and adaptability of children.

Question 15

Tizard studied children who were adopted between the ages of 2 and 8 from high-quality orphanages. She observed that these children usually develop normal attachments with their caregivers but many had difficulty forming peer relationships because they were perceived as being

Accepted Answer

Tizard found that children adopted from orphanages often had difficulty forming peer relationships because they were perceived as being too needy, seeking excessive attention and reassurance from peers.

Question 16

According to an example in the text, the Czech twins may have recovered better from their isolation than Victor because

Accepted Answer

The Czech twins likely recovered better because their isolation ended at a younger age, when their brains were more capable of adapting and developing in response to new experiences, highlighting the importance of brain plasticity in recovery from early neglect.

Question 17

A couple with three kids is considering divorce, but is wondering if they should remain together for the sake of their children. Research suggests that the most important factor that they should take into consideration is

Accepted Answer

The most important factor for the couple to consider is the amount of conflict in their relationship. Research indicates that children are more negatively affected by exposure to conflict between their parents than by divorce itself. A high-conflict environment can be more damaging to a child's well-being than a separation where conflict is reduced.

Question 18

The research on attachment lends support to validity of which of Erikson's stages of personality development?

Accepted Answer

Research on attachment particularly supports Erikson's stage of Basic Trust vs. Basic Mistrust, as it emphasizes the importance of forming a secure attachment in infancy, which lays the foundation for trust in relationships and the world.

Question 19

The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) has conducted the most comprehensive research project to date on the effects of out-of-home care on development. They have found that children attending high quality out-of-home care

Accepted Answer

The NICHD study found that high-quality out-of-home care did not result in significant differences in attachment, social, or cognitive development compared to children who stayed at home.

Question 20

Research by Pea et al. contrasting the association of face to face interactions with online communication, and social well-being concluded that

Accepted Answer

Research by Pea et al. found that more face-to-face interaction was associated with positive social well-being, while more online communication was linked to negative social well-being.

Quiz 12: Development Over the Lifespan