Question 1

Interested in learning how a woman's intelligence quotient affects her marital prospects, researchers gave intelligence tests to a sample of 11-year-old girls, then retested them and asked about their relationship status several times over the next 40 years. This type of study has a(n) _______________ design.
A)cross-sectional
B)critical
C)longitudinal
D)cohort
E)additive

Accepted Answer

This study is longitudinal because it follows the same group of individuals over a long period to observe changes or developments in their lives.

Question 2

Ryan's family has a beagle, so when he sees any small, four-legged furry creature he says "doggie." Grandmother and Ryan go for a walk in the park and pass a cat. Ryan says "Grandma, doggie," and grandmother says, "No, that animal is a cat." Understanding that "doggie" and "cat" are not the same thing, Ryan modifies his mental category for dogs; that is, he _______________ the new information.
A)schemes
B)assimilates
C)accommodates
D)consolidates
E)juxtaposes

Accepted Answer

Ryan is accommodating the new information by modifying his existing mental category for dogs to correctly differentiate between dogs and cats. Accommodation involves changing one's mental frameworks to include new experiences or information, which is what Ryan is doing in response to his grandmother's correction.

Question 3

All of the following are valid limitations or criticisms of Kübler-Ross's stages of coping with impending death, EXCEPT, some people may ___________.
A)move back and forth between stages
B)not experience all the stages
C)look forward to death
D)change their behaviour because of prior awareness of the stages

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are valid limitations...

Question 4

The last stage of death and dying outlined by Kübler-Ross is ________ in which the individual experiences a resigned sense of peacefulness.
A)depression
B)bargaining
C)acceptance
D)denial

Accepted Answer

The last stage of death and dying outlined by Kübler-Ross is acceptance, where the individual comes to terms with their mortality or the loss of a loved one, leading to a state of peaceful resignation.

Question 5

Which of these forms of learning is effective with infants?
A)operant conditioning
B)imitation
C)classical conditioning
D)both classical and operant forms of conditioning, as well as imitation
E)only imitation

Accepted Answer

Infants can learn through classical and operant conditioning, as well as through imitation. Classical conditioning involves learning through association, operant conditioning involves learning through consequences (rewards or punishments), and imitation involves learning by observing and copying the actions of others. All these methods have been shown to be effective in various studies involving infants.

Question 6

Seven-year-old Jerusha is always upset when her older brother is given two slices of pizza but she gets only one. Until recently, Jerusha's mother could make her happy by cutting her pizza slice in half so that she now had two, but Jerusha has come to realize that cutting one slice in half isn't the same as getting two slices that are each the size of her brother's. Jerusha now understands
A)sensory operations.
B)concrete operations.
C)conservation.
D)object permanence.
E)Irreversibility.

Accepted Answer

Jerusha has come to understand conservation, which is the realization that quantity does not change with physical rearrangement or appearance. In this case, she recognizes that two smaller pieces are still the same amount as one larger piece.

Question 7

In developmental research, a(n) _____________ period is an age range during which specific experiences must take place if normal development is to occur. This is in contrast to a ___________ period, where it is optimal but not necessarily essential for these experiences to occur.
A)sensitive; critical
B)critical; receptive
C)critical; sensitive
D)explicit; sensitive

Accepted Answer

A critical period is a specific timeframe during which an organism must experience certain stimuli for proper development, whereas a sensitive period is a more flexible timeframe during which the development benefits from certain stimuli but is not strictly dependent on them.

Question 8

Based on the results of studies examining marital satisfaction, during which of the following times would you predict that marital satisfaction would be highest?
A)The year after the birth of the first child
B)When the child is eight years old
C)When the child is 16 years old
D)The year after the child has left home for college

Accepted Answer

Marital satisfaction tends to increase after the child has left home for college, as parents often experience a "honeymoon" period due to the reduction in parenting demands and an increase in free time to focus on the relationship.

Question 9

Ryan's family has a beagle, so when he sees any small, four-legged furry creature he says "doggie." The pattern of thought that provides Ryan with a concept with which to compare his understanding of "doggie" is called
A)a schema.
B)assimilation.
C)accommodation.
D)object permanence.
E)comparative cognition.

Accepted Answer

A schema is a cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information, allowing Ryan to categorize and understand what a "doggie" is based on his experiences with his family's beagle.

Question 10

Eliska is nine months old. One of her favourite games is peek-a-boo, and recently she has begun to pry at her mother's fingers when mother covers her face. Eliska has developed _______________, the understanding that mother is still behind her hands even when Eliska can't see her.
A)sensory operations
B)concrete operations
C)conservation
D)object permanence
E)centration

Accepted Answer

Eliska has developed object permanence, which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be observed (seen, heard, touched, smelled, or sensed in any way). This is a key stage in the cognitive development of infants.

Question 11

What technique, developed by Robert Fantz in 1961, allows researchers to make inferences about infant visual preferences, and/or perceptual experiences?
A)forced-choice alternative
B)mental chronometry
C)preferential looking procedure
D)reach behaviour
E)none of these response options is correct

Accepted Answer

The preferential looking procedure, developed by Robert Fantz in 1961, is a technique used to study infant visual preferences and perceptual experiences by observing which of two presented stimuli the infant looks at longer.

Question 12

Zofia's dermatologist has recommended a drug called Accutane for her acne. Accutane has potentially serious detrimental effects on a fetus, so Zofia is required to have a pregnancy test both before she begins treatment and every month that she takes the medication. In this situation, Accutane would act as a/an ________________ on an unborn child.
A)proximodistal
B)teratogen
C)cephalocaudal
D)androgen
E)estrogen

Accepted Answer

Accutane is considered a teratogen because it can cause birth defects or other serious developmental problems in an unborn child.

Question 13

In mammals, the __________, present on the Y chromosome, induces the undifferentiated gonads to form _________.
A)testis determining gene (TDF); testes
B)ovaries determining gene (ODF); ovaries
C)Absence of testis determining gene (TDF); ovaries
D)androgen; testes
E)estrogen; ovaries

Accepted Answer

The testis determining gene (TDF), located on the Y chromosome, is responsible for initiating the development of testes in mammals. This gene triggers the differentiation of the undifferentiated gonads into testes, setting the foundation for male sexual development.

Question 14

Studies indicate that most people who retire ________ likely to become anxious, depressed, or lonely. These risks that are associated with retirement become more likely when the retirement is _________.
A)are not; forced
B)are not; voluntary
C)are; forced
D)are; voluntary

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies indicate that most people who retire...

Question 15

An optimal age range for certain experiences is a ______________ period but if those experiences occur at another time, normal development will still be possible.
A)natural
B)sensitive
C)critical
D)developmental

Accepted Answer

Sensitive periods refer to times in development when the brain is particularly receptive to certain environmental stimuli, but missing these periods doesn't preclude normal development, unlike critical periods, which imply a more stringent timeframe for certain developmental milestones.

Question 16

What is the correct sequence of stages of prenatal development, from earliest to latest?
A)germinal stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage
B)embryonic stage, fetal stage, germinal stage
C)embryonic stage, germinal stage, fetal stage
D)fetal stage, embryonic stage, germinal stage
E)fetal stage, germinal stage, embryonic stage

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence starts with the germinal stage (conception to 2 weeks), followed by the embryonic stage (2 to 8 weeks), and ends with the fetal stage (8 weeks to birth).

Question 17

Statements such as "Lord, please let me live long enough to see my grandchild," and "Please let me live until my next birthday," demonstrate which stage of death and dying outlined by Kübler-Ross?
A)Bargaining
B)Anger
C)Denial
D)Acceptance

Accepted Answer

These statements are examples of the Bargaining stage in Kübler-Ross's model of the stages of grief, where individuals attempt to negotiate their way out of their despair, often making promises or deals with a higher power in exchange for more time or relief from their suffering.

Question 18

Researchers interested in learning how creativity affects one's marital prospects compared five groups of people; each set ten years older than the previous one. This is called a _____ design, and each of the different age groups are called _____.
A)cross-sectional; cohorts
B)baseline; critical periods
C)referential; epochs
D)longitudinal; cohorts
E)None of these response options is correct

Accepted Answer

This is called a cross-sectional design, where researchers compare different groups of people at one point in time. Each of these different age groups are referred to as cohorts, which are groups of people who share a common characteristic or experience within a defined period.

Question 19

An age range during which certain experiences must occur for development to proceed normally or along a certain path is a ____________ period.
A)natural
B)sensitive
C)critical
D)developmental

Accepted Answer

A critical period is a specific time during development when the organism is particularly sensitive to certain stimuli, and certain experiences must occur for development to proceed normally.

Question 20

A terminally ill cancer patient, prays to live long enough to see their grandchildren graduate. The patient is in the ___________ stage as they cope with the impending death.
A)denial
B)bargaining
C)anger
D)acceptance

Accepted Answer

The patient is in the bargaining stage, which involves attempting to negotiate with a higher power or fate for more time or a reprieve from death, often in exchange for a reformed lifestyle or fulfilling a specific wish, such as seeing grandchildren graduate.

Quiz 12: Development Over the Lifespan

All of the following are valid limitations or criticisms of Kübler-Ross's stages of coping with impending death, EXCEPT, some people may ___________.

The last stage of death and dying outlined by Kübler-Ross is ________ in which the individual experiences a resigned sense of peacefulness.

Which of these forms of learning is effective with infants?

In developmental research, a(n) ___ period is an age range during which specific experiences must take place if normal development is to occur. This is in contrast to a _ period, where it is optimal but not necessarily essential for these experiences to occur.

Based on the results of studies examining marital satisfaction, during which of the following times would you predict that marital satisfaction would be highest?

Ryan's family has a beagle, so when he sees any small, four-legged furry creature he says "doggie." The pattern of thought that provides Ryan with a concept with which to compare his understanding of "doggie" is called

Eliska is nine months old. One of her favourite games is peek-a-boo, and recently she has begun to pry at her mother's fingers when mother covers her face. Eliska has developed _______________, the understanding that mother is still behind her hands even when Eliska can't see her.

What technique, developed by Robert Fantz in 1961, allows researchers to make inferences about infant visual preferences, and/or perceptual experiences?

In mammals, the __, present on the Y chromosome, induces the undifferentiated gonads to form _.

Studies indicate that most people who retire likely to become anxious, depressed, or lonely. These risks that are associated with retirement become more likely when the retirement is _.

An optimal age range for certain experiences is a ______________ period but if those experiences occur at another time, normal development will still be possible.

What is the correct sequence of stages of prenatal development, from earliest to latest?

Statements such as "Lord, please let me live long enough to see my grandchild," and "Please let me live until my next birthday," demonstrate which stage of death and dying outlined by Kübler-Ross?

Researchers interested in learning how creativity affects one's marital prospects compared five groups of people; each set ten years older than the previous one. This is called a _ design, and each of the different age groups are called _.

An age range during which certain experiences must occur for development to proceed normally or along a certain path is a ____________ period.

A terminally ill cancer patient, prays to live long enough to see their grandchildren graduate. The patient is in the ___________ stage as they cope with the impending death.