Question 1

The teratogen nicotine is associated with which of the following fetal and infant abnormalities?
A)Low birth weight and an increased risk for miscarriage
B)Facial irregularities and hyperactivity
C)Smaller than average brains and drug addiction
D)Mental retardation and attention deficiency

Accepted Answer

Nicotine exposure during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight and an increased risk for miscarriage due to its effects on fetal development and placental function.

Question 2

If a zygote receives a Y chromosome from its father, this means that the resulting baby
A)will be a female
B)will be a male
C)could be either a male or a female, depending on the contribution of the mother
D)will have the characteristics of both a male and a female

Accepted Answer

The presence of a Y chromosome typically determines male sex in humans. The sex of a baby is determined by the combination of the mother's X chromosome and the father's contribution, which can be either an X or a Y chromosome. A Y chromosome from the father results in an XY combination, which is male.

Question 3

Upon enrolling their children in a developmental preschool, parents are asked to participate in a study where they will be contacted every two years for the next ten years and asked to complete a quality of education survey. If they agree, parents will be participating in a _______________ research study.
A)sequential
B)longitudinal
C)cross sectional
D)double-blind experimental

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal research studies track the same participants over a period of time, in this case, every two years for ten years, to observe changes or outcomes.

Question 4

During which stage of prenatal development is the age of viability reached?
A)Zygote stage
B)Germinal stage
C)Embryonic stage
D)Fetal stage

Accepted Answer

The age of viability, which is the point at which a fetus can potentially survive outside the womb with medical assistance, is typically reached during the fetal stage of prenatal development. This stage begins in the ninth week after conception and continues until birth.

Question 5

Genetic researchers have determined that adult males normally carry
A)only the X chromosome
B)only the Y chromosome
C)both the X and the Y chromosome
D)either the X or the Y chromosome, but not both

Accepted Answer

Adult males normally carry both the X and the Y chromosome, which determines male sex characteristics.

Question 6

For approximately the first two weeks of development, beginning when a sperm fertilizes an egg, the fertilized egg is called a(n)
A)embryo
B)fetus
C)chromosome
D)zygote

Accepted Answer

During the first two weeks of development, starting from fertilization, the fertilized egg is referred to as a zygote. This stage precedes the embryo stage.

Question 7

In the germinal stage, the fertilized egg is called a zygote, while in the fetal stage, it is referred to as a(n)
A)embryo
B)fetus
C)chromosome
D)infant

Accepted Answer

In the fetal stage of development, the developing human is referred to as a fetus. This stage follows the embryonic stage and continues until birth.

Question 8

An infant is born with facial irregularities and a small, malformed brain. As the child grows up, she shows symptoms of mental retardation and tends to be both irritable and hostile. It is most likely that this infant's abnormalities are a function of her mother's prenatal exposure to
A)HIV
B)untreated syphilis
C)excessive alcohol
D)nicotine

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are characteristic of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), which is caused by a mother's excessive alcohol consumption during pregnancy. FAS can lead to facial abnormalities, brain malformations, cognitive impairments, and behavioral issues.

Question 9

Studies examining newborn infants' visual preferences suggest that an infant would be most interested in
A)a white circle
B)a black circle
C)a circle with a simple pattern inside of it
D)a circle with a complex pattern inside of it

Accepted Answer

Newborn infants are naturally drawn to complex patterns and high-contrast images, as these are more stimulating and engaging for their developing visual systems.

Question 10

Sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis and HIV that can cause abnormalities in fetal development are examples of ___________.
A)toxins
B)teratogens
C)antigens
D)antibodies

Accepted Answer

Teratogens are substances or factors that can cause congenital abnormalities or malformations in a developing fetus. Sexually transmitted diseases like syphilis and HIV can cross the placental barrier and affect fetal development, making them examples of teratogens.

Question 11

A wide variety of environmental agents that cause abnormalities in prenatal development are called
A)antigens
B)antibodies
C)toxins
D)teratogens

Accepted Answer

Teratogens are substances or factors that can cause congenital abnormalities or malformations in an embryo or fetus. These can include chemicals, drugs, infections, and radiation.

Question 12

Sally is interested in comparing the effects of video game violence on aggression in several different age groups. Which of the following groups would a cross-sectional design be confounded by the age of the cohorts?
A)14, 15, 16, and 17 year olds
B)2, 3, 4, and 5 year olds
C)10, 12, 14, and 16 year olds
D)5, 15, 30, and 60 year olds

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional design comparing groups of 5, 15, 30, and 60 year olds would be confounded by the age of the cohorts because these age groups are at significantly different life stages, which could influence their responses to video game violence beyond just their age.

Question 13

Research on newborns' visual acuity indicates that they
A)have 20/20 vision
B)have 20/20 vision but their ability to discriminate colour needs further development
C)are very nearsighted and their ideal viewing distance is the distance from their mother's face while breastfeeding
D)are very far sighted and their ideal viewing distance is to see if an adult is approaching when they cry

Accepted Answer

Newborns are very nearsighted, which means their vision is clearest when objects are close to them. The ideal viewing distance for a newborn is approximately the distance from their mother's face while breastfeeding, which allows for early bonding and recognition.

Question 14

Which of the following lists the three stages of prenatal development in the proper order (from earliest to latest)?
A)Embryonic, germinal, and fetal
B)Fetal, germinal, and embryonic
C)Germinal, embryonic, and fetal
D)Germinal, fetal, and embryonic

Accepted Answer

The correct order of prenatal development stages is germinal (conception to 2 weeks), embryonic (2 to 8 weeks), and fetal (8 weeks to birth).

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding the sex of a child is true?
A)The sex of a child is determined by the father's genetic contribution.
B)The sex of a child is determined by the mother's genetic contribution.
C)The sex of a child is determined by both parents' genetic contributions.
D)The sex of a child is unrelated to the genetic contributions of either parent.

Accepted Answer

The sex of a child is determined by the father's genetic contribution. This is because males have one X and one Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes. The sperm from the father can carry either an X or a Y chromosome, which, when combined with the mother's X chromosome, determines the sex of the child.

Question 16

Before decorating the nursery for her newborn, Lynne consults a psychologist who advises her that
A)newborns prefer faces over any other pattern
B)newborns do not see colour, but only black and white
C)newborns have no visual preferences
D)newborns prefer simple patterns to complex patterns

Accepted Answer

Newborns have a preference for faces over other patterns, as they are naturally drawn to human faces, which aids in bonding and social development.

Question 17

Which of the following was mentioned as one of the methods used by developmental psychologists to study the sensory capabilities and perceptual preferences of infants?
A)The MRI
B)The EEG
C)Infant IQ tests
D)The preferential looking procedure

Accepted Answer

The preferential looking procedure is a method used by developmental psychologists to study infants' sensory capabilities and perceptual preferences by observing which stimuli they look at longer.

Question 18

Which of the below statements about newborn visual preferences is NOT true?
A)Infants prefer patterned to non-patterned stimuli.
B)Infants prefer their mother's face (perhaps based on her hairline) to a stranger's face.
C)Infants prefer simpler patterns to complex patterns.
D)Infants prefer novel to familiar stimuli.

Accepted Answer

Infants actually show a preference for more complex patterns over simpler ones. This preference is thought to be because complex patterns provide more information and stimulation, which is important for visual learning and development.

Question 19

Dr. Jones wants to know whether ten-year olds, twelve-year olds, or fourteen-year olds watch more television. Which of the following research designs would be the most appropriate method for Dr. Jones to use?
A)Sequential
B)Cross-sectional
C)Longitudinal
D)Pre- and post-test experimental

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional study design would be most appropriate for Dr. Jones' research question because it allows for the comparison of different age groups (10, 12, and 14-year-olds) at a single point in time to determine differences in television watching habits.

Question 20

With respect to the designs typically used in developmental research, which of the following statements is true?
A)The cross-sectional and longitudinal designs are different types of sequential designs.
B)The sequential and longitudinal designs are different types of cross-sectional designs.
C)The longitudinal design represents a combination of the cross-sectional and sequential designs.
D)The sequential design represents a combination of the cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.

Accepted Answer

Sequential designs combine elements of both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, allowing researchers to study changes over time and differences between age groups simultaneously.

Quiz 12: Development Over the Lifespan

The teratogen nicotine is associated with which of the following fetal and infant abnormalities?

If a zygote receives a Y chromosome from its father, this means that the resulting baby

During which stage of prenatal development is the age of viability reached?

Genetic researchers have determined that adult males normally carry

For approximately the first two weeks of development, beginning when a sperm fertilizes an egg, the fertilized egg is called a(n)

In the germinal stage, the fertilized egg is called a zygote, while in the fetal stage, it is referred to as a(n)

An infant is born with facial irregularities and a small, malformed brain. As the child grows up, she shows symptoms of mental retardation and tends to be both irritable and hostile. It is most likely that this infant's abnormalities are a function of her mother's prenatal exposure to

Studies examining newborn infants' visual preferences suggest that an infant would be most interested in

Sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis and HIV that can cause abnormalities in fetal development are examples of ___________.

A wide variety of environmental agents that cause abnormalities in prenatal development are called

Sally is interested in comparing the effects of video game violence on aggression in several different age groups. Which of the following groups would a cross-sectional design be confounded by the age of the cohorts?

Research on newborns' visual acuity indicates that they

Which of the following lists the three stages of prenatal development in the proper order (from earliest to latest) ?

Which of the following statements regarding the sex of a child is true?

Before decorating the nursery for her newborn, Lynne consults a psychologist who advises her that

Which of the following was mentioned as one of the methods used by developmental psychologists to study the sensory capabilities and perceptual preferences of infants?

Which of the below statements about newborn visual preferences is NOT true?

Dr. Jones wants to know whether ten-year olds, twelve-year olds, or fourteen-year olds watch more television. Which of the following research designs would be the most appropriate method for Dr. Jones to use?

With respect to the designs typically used in developmental research, which of the following statements is true?