Question 1

You are having a random conversation with someone on the train about what you're studying. When they find out you're taking a psychology course, they ask you if you've learned anything about aging. You say that, based on cross-sectional research discussed in your textbook we can expect that our _____ will peak during _____.
A)crystalized intelligence; early adulthood
B)crystalized intelligence; middle adulthood
C)crystalized intelligence; late adulthood
D)fluid intelligence; late adulthood
E)fluid intelligence; middle adulthood

Accepted Answer

Crystalized intelligence, which refers to the accumulation of knowledge, skills, and strategies learned through experience, tends to peak during middle adulthood. This contrasts with fluid intelligence, which involves the ability to think quickly and reason abstractly, and typically peaks in early adulthood.

Question 2

Friedrich has begun to ask his parents difficult questions about their religious beliefs. Aspects of their faith that he never questioned before are starting to become frequent points of conflict in their household. This is causing a great deal of tension in their family. While Friedrich's parents find the process difficult, they know that he is developing his own identity. Right now Friedrich could be described as having a status known as
A)identity diffusion.
B)foreclosure.
C)moratorium.
D)identity achievement.
E)redaction.

Accepted Answer

Friedrich is in a state of moratorium, which is a period of active exploration and questioning of beliefs, values, and goals. This phase often involves conflict and uncertainty as the individual is actively engaged in exploring different identities and ideologies, which aligns with Friedrich's questioning of his family's religious beliefs.

Question 3

As a newborn, Mindy was fine when her parents went out and left her with a babysitter. As she approaches her first birthday, however, she has begun to cry when her parents leave. Though the sitter assures them that Mindy quiets down after they are gone, the separation process itself always involves tears. With regard to a developmental timetable, Mindy's behaviour is occurring
A)fairly late; most infants begin to fear separation around two to three months of age, because they have not yet developed adequate schemas for strangers versus nonstrangers.
B)right on time; this is the age at which a child has developed a strong attachment to the primary caregiver(s).
C)extremely late; normally, separation anxiety occurs immediately after birth, since infants become attached to the mother in utero.
D)extremely early; most children do not show any distress at separation until at least age five.
E)None of these response options is correct.

Accepted Answer

Mindy's behavior is typical for her developmental stage, as separation anxiety usually begins to manifest around the age of 8 to 12 months when infants have formed strong attachments to their primary caregivers.

Question 4

You're interested in studying newborn attention. You wonder whether the kinds of things newborns pay attention to in their environment are similar to what captures the attention of adults. Based on prior research discussed in your textbook, which of these things would you not predict newborns would pay attention to?
A)sounds
B)being touched
C)smells
D)locations in space where adults were previously paying attention to
E)all of these things would be predicted to be attended to by newborns

Accepted Answer

Newborns are less likely to pay attention to locations in space where adults were previously paying attention to, as their attention is more focused on immediate sensory experiences like sounds, touch, and smells.

Question 5

The Propaganda Corporation wants to know whether 10-year-olds, 12-year-olds, or 14-year-olds are most likely to respond to a new advertising approach. Which of the following research designs will provide the most useful results?
A)sequential
B)cross-sectional
C)longitudinal
D)pretest-posttest experimental
E)none of these terms fit the specifics of the question

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional study design would allow the Propaganda Corporation to compare different age groups (10-year-olds, 12-year-olds, and 14-year-olds) at the same point in time, providing immediate insights into which age group is most responsive to the new advertising approach.

Question 6

You are interested in studying newborn attention. You wonder whether the kinds of things newborns pay attention to in their environment are similar to what captures the attention of adults. What method would be appropriate to measure what they attend to?
A)stratified sampling procedure
B)random sampling procedure
C)preferential looking procedure
D)reverse inference
E)transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Accepted Answer

The preferential looking procedure is a method used to study visual attention in infants. It involves presenting two stimuli and observing which one the infant looks at more, indicating a preference or greater attention to that stimulus. This method is suitable for studying what captures the attention of newborns, as it does not require verbal responses and can be used to infer their interests or attentional biases based on their gaze direction and duration.

Question 7

You are having a random conversation with someone on the train about what you're studying. When they find out you're taking a psychology course, they ask you if you've learned anything about aging. You tell them that, based on research discussed in your textbook (Salthouse, 2004), we can expect that _____ will tend to _____ as we age.
A)spatial reasoning; improve
B)perceptual speed; decline
C)general knowledge; decline
D)emotional intelligence; decline
E)perceptual speed; improve

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that perceptual speed, which involves the ability to quickly and accurately process visual information, tends to decline with age.

Question 8

At 65, Terry is diagnosed with cancer. He refuses to believe that he has a sickness, because he feels fine, so he does not get any treatment. When his physician informs him that his case has become terminal because he did not act, Terry tells his friends that his doctor doesn't know what he's talking about. When Terry's friends begin to treat him differently than they did a year ago, Terry wonders why. According to Kübler-Ross, Terry is in the _________________ stage with regard to death.
A)denial
B)depression
C)foreclosure
D)moratorium
E)identify achievement

Accepted Answer

Terry is in the denial stage, as he refuses to accept his diagnosis and the reality of his condition, which is characteristic of the first stage of Kübler-Ross's model of the five stages of grief.

Question 9

You're interested in studying newborn attention. You wonder whether the kinds of things newborns pay attention to in their environment are similar to what captures the attention of adults. Which of the following are both true and relevant (i.e. important to keep in mind) when planning which stimuli to test?
A)newborns will not be able to see stimuli which require a high degree of visual acuity (e.g.small things presented at a relatively far distance)
B)newborns can't hear voices
C)newborns don't like visual stimuli with biological significance (e.g.faces)
D)newborns have no control over where they are looking
E)none of these possible responses are true and relevant

Accepted Answer

Newborns have limited visual acuity, meaning they cannot see small or distant objects clearly, which is important when selecting stimuli for attention studies.

Question 10

In June's ethics class, students are required to defend their beliefs and explain why they subscribe to them. June believes strongly in the values she holds, but she isn't sure how to defend them, because her parents taught her the values and she has simply never questioned them. James Marcia would say that June's identity status in regard to ethics is
A)identity diffusion.
B)foreclosure.
C)moratorium.
D)identity achievement.
E)an imaginary audience.

Accepted Answer

James Marcia would classify June's identity status in regard to ethics as "foreclosure." This status is characterized by individuals who have committed to an identity or set of values without undergoing a period of exploration or crisis. In June's case, she has adopted her parents' values without questioning them, which is a classic example of foreclosure.

Question 11

Saffi is playing with her two brothers, but when the three of them begin wrestling in the grass Saffi's father tells her she must come and sit by him. He tells her it is not ladylike to roll around in the grass, because she will get her dress dirty. Saffi's father is treating her differently from her brothers because he is using
A)sextyping.
B)androgyny.
C)preconventional reasoning.
D)a Piagetian judgment.
E)a personal fable.

Accepted Answer

Saffi's father is using sextyping, which refers to the process of treating individuals differently based on their gender, by applying traditional gender roles or stereotypes. In this case, he believes it's not appropriate for a girl (Saffi) to engage in activities that might dirty her dress, implying that such behavior is acceptable for boys but not for girls.

Question 12

You are having a random conversation with someone on the train about what you're studying. When they find out you're taking a psychology course, they ask you if you've learned anything about aging. You let them know that, according to current research discussed in your textbook, _____ has been empirically studied as a way to improve performance on cognitive tasks.
A)participating in a drama production
B)playing certain kinds of video games
C)participation in a debate
D)playing certain kinds of lotteries
E)watching certain kinds of movies

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are having a random conversation with...

Quiz 12: Development Over the Lifespan

The Propaganda Corporation wants to know whether 10-year-olds, 12-year-olds, or 14-year-olds are most likely to respond to a new advertising approach. Which of the following research designs will provide the most useful results?

You are interested in studying newborn attention. You wonder whether the kinds of things newborns pay attention to in their environment are similar to what captures the attention of adults. What method would be appropriate to measure what they attend to?