Question 1

A pregnant mother who spends more than half of her time sedentary behaviors during pregnancy is more likely to

Accepted Answer

Sedentary behavior during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of having a macrosomic infant, which means the baby is larger than average at birth.

Question 2

Children whose mothers consumed high levels of fish oil (DHA) while pregnant are more likely to

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid found in fish oil, is beneficial for brain development, which can lead to advantages in visual attention and processing speed in young children.

Question 3

Maternal malnourishment may lead to fetal growth retardation and low birth weight due to

Accepted Answer

Maternal malnourishment can signal to the fetus that resources are scarce, potentially leading to adaptations that result in fetal growth retardation and low birth weight.

Question 4

An inherited metabolic disorder passed from parent to child that destroys nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord and leads to death in childhood is called

Accepted Answer

Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that results in the destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to severe neurological problems and early death in childhood.

Question 5

While pregnant, Chloe suffered from depression. Her infant is likely to exhibit which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

The answer of While pregnant, Chloe suffered from depression. Her...

Question 6

Cortisol regulates body processes such as metabolism and _______ and helps the body respond to _______.

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating the immune response and helps the body respond to stress.

Question 7

An evolutionary argument for how the adaptive response to maternal stress may aid a fetus to survive postnatally includes the idea that

Accepted Answer

Prenatal exposure to cortisol can influence traits like aggression, which may be advantageous in competitive or hostile environments, aiding survival.

Question 8

_______ is (are) characteristic of the first stage of labor, while _______ is (are) characteristic of the second stage of labor.

Accepted Answer

Contractions are characteristic of the first stage of labor, while pushing is characteristic of the second stage of labor.

Question 9

Which has not been proposed as a likely reason for the relatively high infant mortality rates in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Changes in access to health care, clean water, and nutrition over the twentieth century have not been proposed as a reason for high infant mortality rates in the U.S.; rather, improvements in these areas have generally led to lower mortality rates.

Question 10

The Apgar scale is an assessment of newborn health and is based on ratings including neonate

Accepted Answer

The Apgar scale assesses newborn health based on five criteria: heart rate (pulse), respiratory effort (respiration), muscle tone, reflex response (grimace), and skin color.

Question 11

The main difference between premature infants and small-for-date infants is that

Accepted Answer

Premature infants are born before completing the normal gestation period, while small-for-date infants have a lower birth weight than expected for their gestational age.

Question 12

A reason that an infant may experience anoxia can be due to

Accepted Answer

Anoxia in infants can occur if the baby is in the breech position, which can complicate delivery and lead to a lack of oxygen.

Question 13

Regarding brain growth, during the first two years of life, the infant brain

Accepted Answer

During the first two years of life, the infant brain doubles its volume.

Question 14

When 2-month-olds listened to the speech of their mother or a stranger, the left hemisphere of the brain activated. But, when they listened to music, both areas activated. Such evidence illustrates

Accepted Answer

The answer of When 2-month-olds listened to the speech of...

Question 15

Zoe noticed that, while sleeping, she rarely dreams and does not change position in her bed. Zoe is likely to be mostly in what type of sleep?

Accepted Answer

Non-REM sleep is characterized by minimal dreaming and less movement, which aligns with Zoe's experience of rarely dreaming and not changing position.

Question 16

In contrast to cultural practices of sleep in the United States, the Kipsigi community in rural Kenya practice

Accepted Answer

The Kipsigi community allows infants to take many naps and wake several times throughout the night to nurse on demand, which contrasts with some Western practices that may emphasize longer, uninterrupted sleep periods for infants.

Question 17

A large influence on U.S. parents' avoidance of co-sleeping with their infant stems from

Accepted Answer

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends against co-sleeping to minimize the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), which significantly influences U.S. parents' decisions.

Question 18

Comparisons of siblings who were versus were not breastfed has revealed that

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that while breastfeeding has benefits, the differences in outcomes between breastfed and non-breastfed siblings may be influenced by other family factors, indicating that the benefits of breastmilk might be overstated.

Question 19

Which is an example of a developmental cascade?

Accepted Answer

A developmental cascade refers to the process by which an early developmental change or experience sets off a chain of events that influence later development. In choice A, the fetus's movement leads to feedback that improves motor coordination, which is crucial for later motor development, illustrating a cascade effect.

Question 20

Which is not a developmental cascade related to low birth weight?

Accepted Answer

Low birth weight can be associated with a variety of developmental challenges that may persist into childhood and adulthood. Problems with attention, language development, and motor coordination are all potential developmental cascades that can be related to being born with low birth weight. Additionally, cerebral palsy, which is a group of disorders that affect a person's ability to move and maintain balance and posture, is also more common among individuals who were born with low birth weight. Therefore, all of the issues listed are recognized as potential consequences associated with low birth weight.

Quiz 3: Prenatal and Postnatal Health and Physical Development