Question 1

Which of the following features is not found in osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

The feature that is not found in osteoporosis is increased bone mineral density. Osteoporosis is a common disease characterized by decreased bone mineral density, leading to an increased susceptibility to fractures.

Question 2

Osteitis fibrosa cystic is a distinctive bone manifestation of:

Accepted Answer

Osteitis fibrosa cystic is a distinctive bone manifestation of hyperparathyroidism. Routine laboratory tests in hyperparathyroidism show elevated calcium and low phosphate levels. Osteitis fibrosa cystic is caused by a surplus of parathyroid hormone and causes a stimulation of osteoclasts that break down bone.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a common feature of osteosarcoma?

Accepted Answer

The point that is not a common feature of osteosarcoma is that fractures are generally seen in elderly males. Fracture can be a complication associated with osteosarcoma; however, osteosarcomas are generally seen in male adolescents.

Question 4

Which of the following antibiotics are considered as effective agents in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis?

Accepted Answer

The antibiotics that are considered as effective agents in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis are tetracyclines. These drugs can be used to inhibit the activity of metalloproteinases involved in joint destruction by the rheumatoid synovium.

Question 5

Rheumatoid arthritis is an example of which of the following types of hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis is an example of Type III hypersensitivity reactions. In Type III hypersensitivity reactions, antibodies bind to antigens to form immune complexes in the blood and these immune complexes are then deposited in various organs and joints within the body. Other examples of Type III hypersensitivity reactions include polyarteritis nodosa, glomerulonephritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Question 6

Which of the following diseases is not an autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

Osteoarthritis is not an autoimmune disease. A variety of causes such as genetic, developmental, metabolic, and physical may initiate processes leading to osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a progressive debilitating disease of the joints.

Question 7

Obesity, genetic profile, and aging all contribute to the development of Type II diabetes. Of the following, which is the most important additive factor for these three conditions in the development of Type II diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Obesity, genetic profile, and aging all contribute to the development of Type II diabetes. Of the listed conditions, the most important additive factor for these three conditions in the development of Type II diabetes is muscle resistance to insulin. Progressive loss of skeletal muscle sensitivity to insulin leads to increased rates of visceral cell lipolysis and pancreatic beta-cell compensation.

Question 8

Which of the following findings is associated with Marfan's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The finding that is associated with Marfan's syndrome is upward subluxation of the lenses. Other clinical features involve myopia; cardiovascular system (aortic dilation, regurgitation, aneurysms, and mitral valve prolapse); and the skeleton (arachnodactyly, pectus deformity, and joint laxity).

Question 9

Which of the following pathologic disorders results from a deficiency of pituitary antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (arginine vasopressin)?

Accepted Answer

The pathologic disorder that results from a deficiency of pituitary antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (arginine vasopressin) is diabetes insipidus. In central diabetes insipidus, there is impaired production of vasopressin and in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the distal renal tubules are refractory to vasopressin.

Question 10

Which of the following diseases manifests as an arthritis that occurs most often in young men and is accompanied by low back pain and stiffness?

Accepted Answer

The disease that manifests as an arthritis that occurs most often in young men and is accompanied by low back pain and stiffness is ankylosing spondylitis. Early findings of low back pain and stiffness may progress to involve the entire spine with straightening (poker spine).

Question 11

Which of the following diseases is not considered a common cause of lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Gallstones are not considered a common cause of lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. The causes of lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding include hemorrhoids and anal fissure diverticulosis, carcinoma, vascular ectasia, colitis, and polyps.

Question 12

Sleep disturbance is a characteristic symptom associated with which of the following disorders?

Accepted Answer

Sleep disturbance is a characteristic symptom associated with fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic pain and a heightened and painful response to pressure. In patients with fibromyalgia, sleep disturbances leave patients feeling tired upon awakening.

Question 13

Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by all of the following clinical findings except:

Accepted Answer

Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by all of the listed clinical findings except decreased urinary calcium excretion. It is usually is characterized by hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperchloremia, increased urinary calcium excretion, and an increase in serum parathormone level.

Question 14

Asthma is typically characterized by all of the following signs except:

Accepted Answer

Asthma is typically characterized by all of the listed signs except a short expiratory phase. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that typically causes a prolonged expiratory phase.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a complication of diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Urinary incontinence is not a complication of diabetes mellitus. Polyuria, instead, is a common symptom found in diabetes mellitus. Frequent complications include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy.

Question 16

All of the following are common causes of "intoeing" except:

Accepted Answer

All of the listed conditions are common causes of "intoeing" except abducted great toe. In fact, adduction of the great toe can result in intoeing.

Question 17

Which of the following disorders is often the earliest clinical syndrome seen in children who have sickle cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

The disorder that is often the earliest clinical syndrome seen in children with sickle cell anemia is acute sickle dactylitis. Also called as hand-foot syndrome, it is often the earliest clinical syndrome seen in children with sickle cell anemia. There is painful, symmetrical swelling of the hands and feet.

Question 18

Which of the following conditions is a common cause of Osgood-Schlatter?

Accepted Answer

The condition that is a common cause of Osgood-Schlatter is inflammation of the tibial tubercle. Osgood-Schlatter results from microfractures and inflammation of the tibial tubercle where the patellar tendon inserts. It is most commonly seen in young adolescents who are involved in athletics.

Question 19

If a football player in the emergency room displays a positive anterior drawer test that becomes negative if the knee is internally or externally rotated, which of the following has ruptured?

Accepted Answer

If a football player in the emergency room displays a positive anterior drawer test that becomes negative if the knee is internally or externally rotated, the anterior cruciate ligament has ruptured. In the anterior drawer test, the patient's tibia is pulled forward and anterior tibial displacement reveals rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament.

Question 20

Common imaging findings associated with osteoarthritis include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Common imaging findings associated with osteoarthritis include all of the above except widening of the joint space. Osteoarthritis commonly affects the distal interphalangeal joints, as well. Common imaging findings include narrowing of the joint space, sclerosis, and the presence of osteophytes.

Quiz 2: Orthopedic and Podiatric Conditions and Diseases