Question 1

The ____ principle is used to justify decisions when you act on the basis of placing yourself in the position of someone affected by the decision and try to determine how that person would feel.

Accepted Answer

The golden rule principle involves imagining oneself in someone else's shoes and making a decision based on how you would like to be treated in a similar situation. This principle emphasizes empathy and treating others the way you would want to be treated, making it a useful tool for ethical decision-making.

Question 2

The ____ principle is used to justify decisions that attempt to balance multiple interests when you act on the basis of whether the decision can be explained before a group of your peers.

Accepted Answer

The professional standards principle suggests that decisions should be made based on what a group of peers would consider acceptable or ethical. When balancing multiple interests, this principle helps guide individuals to make decisions that are in line with their profession's code of ethics and values. It also reinforces the importance of accountability and transparency in decision-making processes.

Question 3

According to the Ethics Competency,UN Global Compact: some ideas for bringing human rights into company policy include which of the following::

Accepted Answer

Developing a company policy to support human rights and developing a health and safety management system are both ideas for bringing human rights into company policy. A company policy that includes human rights will encourage employees and stakeholders to recognize the importance of human rights, and a health and safety management system will ensure that human rights are protected in the workplace. Together, these efforts create a culture of respect for human rights within the company.

Question 4

The ____ principle is used to justify decisions that attempt to balance multiple interests when you act on the basis of whether some overall good justifies a moral transgression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____ principle is used to justify...

Question 5

Women and men can be paid differently by an organization without violating the Equal Pay Act of 1963 if the difference is due to any of the following except:

Accepted Answer

The Equal Pay Act prohibits pay discrimination based on sex, but allows differences in pay if they are based on factors such as seniority, merit, productivity, or working conditions. Affiliation with executives is not a valid reason for pay discrimination, and therefore, it is not an exception to the Equal Pay Act.

Question 6

____ is an employment relationship in which either party can terminate the employment relationship at will with no liability if there was not an express contract for a definite term governing the employment relationship.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of employment at will, where both the employee and the employer can end the employment relationship at any time without any liability as long as there was no express contract for a definite term.

Question 7

When it comes to employee privacy,all of the following are true except:

Accepted Answer

The statement "monitoring of employees by employers is tightly regulated by the government" is false. While there are some laws and regulations in place to protect employee privacy, they are not exhaustive and may vary from state to state. Employers generally have a lot of discretion when it comes to monitoring their employees, particularly in the United States where privacy laws are not as strict as in some other countries.

Question 8

Under employment at will,if there is not an express contract,an employee can be fired:

Accepted Answer

Employment at will means that an employer can terminate an employee at any time for any reason, as long as it is not an illegal reason such as discrimination. There is no need for an express contract and the employer does not incur any liability, as long as they are not breaching any other legal obligations such as providing proper notice of termination or paying owed wages or benefits. Therefore, both choices A and B are true for employment at will.

Question 9

The ____ principle is used to justify decisions when you act on the basis of how the general public is likely to respond to the disclosure of the rationale and facts related to the decision.

Accepted Answer

The principle being described is the disclosure principle, which involves considering how the public is likely to respond to the disclosure of the rationale and facts related to the decision. The other principles listed - distributive justice, utilitarianism, and organizational interests - do not specifically relate to considering public response to disclosure.

Question 10

All of the following actions have been suggested for integrating ethical decision making into the day-to-day life of the organization except:

Accepted Answer

Publicizing the names of individuals who violate the ethics policy may violate their privacy rights and could make them less likely to report ethical violations in the future. Therefore, this action is not recommended for integrating ethical decision-making into the day-to-day life of the organization. The other options (A, B, and C) are all appropriate actions for promoting ethical decision-making within the organization.

Question 11

Which of the following are principles of the UN Global Compact?

Accepted Answer

All of the given principles are part of the UN Global Compact, which is a voluntary initiative to encourage businesses to adopt sustainable and socially responsible policies and practices. These principles cover human rights, labor rights, environmental sustainability, and anti-corruption measures.

Question 12

The exception to employment-at-will doctrine recognized by all 50 states is:

Accepted Answer

Retaliatory discharge is recognized as an exception to the employment-at-will doctrine by all 50 states, meaning an employer cannot legally fire an employee as retaliation for the employee's actions that are protected by law, such as filing a complaint about workplace safety or discrimination.

Question 13

The more ____ a decision maker can be about who may experience benefits or costs from a particular decision,the more likely it is that ethical decisions will be made.

Accepted Answer

Being specific about who may experience benefits or costs from a decision increases the likelihood that ethical considerations will be taken into account. This specificity allows decision makers to better understand the potential impact of their choices on different individuals or groups and make decisions that are more informed and equitable. Tentativeness or general statements may not provide enough clarity or detail to make ethical decisions, while inclusivity alone may not address the specific needs and concerns of different groups.

Question 14

The Food and Drug Administration has just approved a new vaccine for the prevention of a widespread childhood disease.They considered the potentially serious side effects of the vaccine,which can include brain damage and mental retardation.However,less than 1 in 100,000 of the children receiving the vaccine will experience these side effects.Most children will experience nothing more than some local soreness,and possibly a mild fever.The vaccine will dramatically reduce the incidence of a childhood disease that is fatal in 29% of the cases.The ethical principle underlying this decision was probably the:

Accepted Answer

The utilitarian principle suggests that the action that results in the greatest good for the greatest number of people is the most ethical one. In this case, while there is a small risk of serious side effects, the vaccine will dramatically reduce the incidence of a childhood disease that can be fatal in many cases, thus the overall benefit of preventing the disease outweighs the risk of side effects. Therefore, the FDA's decision to approve the vaccine is in line with the utilitarian principle.

Question 15

The means-end,utilitarian,and professional standards principles are all examples of ____ principles that may be used to provide an ethical justification for a person's decisions and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The means-end, utilitarian, and professional standards principles all involve balancing interests between different parties or considering the overall consequences of actions. These are principles commonly used in ethical decision-making to take into account the various stakeholders and interests involved in a situation, rather than solely focusing on self-serving or situational factors.

Question 16

Judging the benefits and costs of a proposed decision requires determination of the ____ of those affected.

Accepted Answer

Judging the benefits and costs of a proposed decision requires determination of the interests and values of those affected. This is because different people may have different interests and values, which may affect how they are impacted by the decision. Understanding these interests and values is crucial in making an informed decision that takes into account the needs of all stakeholders.

Question 17

The factor that is most likely to lead to disagreements between decision makers regarding the ethical intensity of any given issue is:

Accepted Answer

Different decision makers may interpret the relevant factors differently, based on their personal values, beliefs, and experiences. This can lead to disagreements over whether an issue is ethically intense or not. For example, one decision maker may prioritize the impact on employees, while another may prioritize the impact on customers, leading to differing ethical evaluations of the same issue.

Question 18

The ____ principle is used to justify decisions when you act on the basis of treating an individual or group equitably rather than on arbitrarily defined characteristics such as gender or age.

Accepted Answer

The principle of distributive justice focuses on treating individuals and groups equitably, rather than based on arbitrary characteristics. The utilitarian principle focuses on maximizing overall happiness or welfare, whereas disclosure and organization interests are not relevant to this principle.

Question 19

The employment-at-will doctrine increasingly has been ____ in alleged wrongful termination cases in the courts.

Accepted Answer

The word "increasingly" suggests that the trend is moving towards the employment-at-will doctrine being challenged successfully in wrongful termination cases.

Question 20

Under the ____ principle,you act on the basis of whether the harm from the decision is outweighed by the good in it.

Accepted Answer

The principle described in the question refers to the utilitarian principle, where decisions are made based on the balance of benefits and harms to all involved parties. The other options relate to different ethical principles or factors, such as fairness and transparency (distributive justice and disclosure), or the interests of the organization as a whole (organization interests).

Quiz 2: Individual and Organizational Ethics