Question 1

Esmeralda decides not to cross the street because she sees an image of a red hand blinking on and off. The blinking hand is an illustration of which type of image?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Esmeralda decides not to cross the street...

Question 2

Which of the following is not a characteristic of icons?

Accepted Answer

Icons do not document that an event took place, they represent or symbolize something.

Question 3

Which of the following focuses on whether the recipient of a fear appeal can personally carry out the recommendation that is made?

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy refers to the belief that one can successfully carry out the recommended action. It is a critical component of fear appeals because a lack of self-efficacy can lead to inaction or avoidance of the recommended behavior. The other answer choices are also important in the context of fear appeals, but do not specifically address whether the recipient feels capable of carrying out the recommended action.

Question 4

Which type of motivational appeal is most effective when receivers rely on central processing?

Accepted Answer

Fear appeals are most effective when receivers are motivated to process information centrally, as they often lead to careful consideration of the message and its implications.

Question 5

If one subscribes to the belief that "size matters," then those countries and economies with the tallest skyscrapers would be viewed as the most powerful and/or successful in the world. Such a perception illustrates which persuasive aspect of architecture?

Accepted Answer

Iconicity refers to the visual impact and symbolism of a building or structure. The belief that tall skyscrapers represent power and success is an example of iconicity.

Question 6

Which statement best describes the doctrine of "Socialist Realism"?

Accepted Answer

Socialist Realism is an artistic style and philosophy that developed under the Soviet Union and other socialist states, where art was seen as a crucial tool for promoting the ideology of the state. As such, the doctrine of Socialist Realism emphasized that art should be directly connected to the goals and values of the state, and that it should reflect the reality of the Socialist experience in a realistic, representational way. Art was seen as subordinate to the needs of the state and the people, rather than existing for its own sake.

Question 7

Brandi lost her little sister Margie's camera while out on a day trip with her friends. Margie is furious. If Margie were to use a guilt appeal in order to persuade her sister to buy her a new camera, which of the following should Margie do?

Accepted Answer

Emphasizing positive self-feelings that come from doing the right thing is the best choice. This way, Margie is not attacking Brandi but appealing to her sense of responsibility and morality. It also highlights that buying a new camera would be the right thing to do, rather than making Brandi feel bad or threatened.

Question 8

Pictures from a store surveillance camera might prove that a shopper removed price tags from articles of clothing before placing them in a bag. This documentary aspect of images is called

Accepted Answer

Indexicality refers to the ability of an image to provide evidence or proof of a specific event or action. In this case, the surveillance camera images are indexical because they provide evidence that the shopper removed price tags before placing the clothing in a bag. Iconicity refers to the visual resemblance between an image and its subject, symbolicity refers to the use of an image to represent an abstract concept or idea, and syntactic indeterminacy refers to the ambiguity of meaning that can arise from the arrangement of images. None of these concepts are directly related to the use of surveillance camera images as evidence.

Question 9

A physician tells a middle-aged, female patient, "You are developing osteoporosis. You need to start jogging. Jogging has been shown to increase bone density." However, the patient protests, saying, "I have bad knees. It is too painful for me to jog." The physician responds, "Well in that case, try walking or swimming. That should be easier on your knees." The physician's response focuses on which aspect of the EPPM?

Accepted Answer

The physician's response focuses on self-efficacy by suggesting alternative exercises that the patient can perform despite her knee pain, thereby enhancing her confidence in being able to take action to improve her bone density.

Question 10

Wendy's neighbors asked her if she could babysit over the weekend. Wendy responded, "Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I'm volunteering at the soup kitchen this weekend." Wendy is engaging in which type of ingratiation?

Accepted Answer

Wendy is engaging in self-presentation ingratiation by sharing information about herself that reflects positively on her character and values. By letting her neighbors know that she is volunteering at a soup kitchen, she is conveying that she is a caring and helpful person.

Question 11

Babbs, an impressionable 16-year-old, sees a movie in which her favorite actress has a tattoo of a seahorse on her lower leg. Babbs decides she, too, will get such a tattoo. Her behavior illustrates that

Accepted Answer

Babbs' decision to get a tattoo similar to her favorite actress's after seeing it in a movie demonstrates how movies can influence individuals to adopt certain aspects of popular culture, in this case, specific styles or symbols like tattoos.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about visual persuasion is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that people are often more receptive to persuasion through visual media than through verbal or text-based messages. Movies can be especially persuasive because viewers are often engaged in the story and not actively aware of attempts to persuade them.

Question 13

Images, by themselves, lack logical operators and, therefore, cannot convey "cause-effect," "either-or," or "if-then" relationships. This refers to which property of images?

Accepted Answer

This refers to the property of syntactic indeterminacy, which means that images lack the logical structure necessary to convey relationships such as cause-effect, either-or, or if-then.

Question 14

The fact that some media events are staged and wouldn't take place were it not for the presence of cameras, illustrates the risk of relying on which persuasive aspect of images?

Accepted Answer

The persuasive aspect of images that is being referred to here is their indexicality, which is the quality of depicting a direct link or correlation between the image and its subject matter. The fact that some media events are staged shows that indexicality can be manipulated or distorted depending on the intentions of those creating the images.

Question 15

Which rough estimate below of the amount of advertising to which the average American is exposed is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

While the exact number can be difficult to determine, studies have shown that the average American is exposed to around 3,000 advertising messages per day. The cost of advertising varies greatly depending on the medium and the specific campaign, but $800 per person per year is a reasonable estimate. Option A is too low, Option B is too high, and Option D is even higher than B and unrealistic.

Question 16

One way images persuade is by functioning as icons. An icon is something that

Accepted Answer

An icon resembles, or stands for, the thing it represents. Therefore, images can persuade by functioning as icons as they convey the meaning and message of the represented object, person, or concept.

Question 17

Which concept is most closely associated with emotional marketing?

Accepted Answer

Attachment theory is most closely associated with emotional marketing. This theory suggests that humans are driven to form emotional bonds with others, and brands can tap into these attachment needs by using emotional appeals in their marketing campaigns. By creating an emotional connection with their audience, brands can not only gain customer loyalty but also drive sales. Self-efficacy and response efficacy are related to persuasive messages in health communication. Self-objectification relates to body image and self-esteem.

Question 18

Delacroix's famous painting, Liberty Leading the People, depicts Lady Liberty leading French citizens during the French Revolution. Through its _____________, the painting romanticizes and idealizes the revolution.

Accepted Answer

Iconicity refers to the degree to which an image is perceived as resembling its object in some way, and in this case, the painting depicts Lady Liberty leading the people with a strong and heroic stance, which idealizes the revolution. Indexicality refers to a relationship of direct connection between a sign and its object or referent, but this does not apply to the painting. Syntactic indeterminacy refers to the inability to determine the meaning of a sentence or phrase due to limited information or ambiguous structure, but this does not apply either. Impressionism refers to a style of art characterized by visible brush strokes and emphasis on the overall impression of a scene rather than details, but this does not accurately describe Delacroix's style in this painting.

Question 19

Cartoon caricatures of politicians that exaggerate certain characteristics can be persuasive due to their:

Accepted Answer

Cartoon caricatures of politicians often exaggerate certain physical or personality characteristics to create an iconic representation of the individual. This can make the image instantly recognizable and memorable, and therefore persuasive in shaping public opinion.

Question 20

According to the text, the Marlboro Man symbolizes the Old West and such American values as freedom and rugged individualism. The Marlboro Man is persuasive due to which characteristic of images?

Accepted Answer

Iconicity refers to the quality of being emblematic or representative of something, and the Marlboro Man is a powerful iconic symbol of American values and rugged individualism. The other choices do not accurately describe the Marlboro Man's persuasive power.

Quiz 1: Why Study Persuasion