Question 1

What type of attitude scale is depicted below? "$\text { "Marijuana should be legalized for medicinal uses." }$ $\begin{array}{lllll} \_\_\_\_&\_\_\_\_&\_\_\_\_&\_\_\_\_&\_\_\_\_\ \text { strongly } & \text { moderately } & \text { neutral/ } & \text { moderately } & \text { strongly } \ \text { disagree } & \text { disagree } & \text { no opinion } & \text { agree } & \text { agree } \end{array}$

Accepted Answer

This is a Likert scale, characterized by a statement (in this case, about marijuana legalization) followed by a set of ordered response options ranging from strong agreement to strong disagreement, allowing respondents to express the intensity of their feelings.

Question 2

Central processing involves all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Central processing does not involve heuristic cues, which are mental shortcuts used to make quick judgments or decisions without much conscious thought or deliberation. Instead, it involves cognitive elaboration, greater motivation, and the ability to process information deeply and systematically.

Question 3

A defining feature of attitudes is that they are

Accepted Answer

Attitudes are evaluative in nature, meaning they involve a positive or negative evaluation of an object, person, or situation. This evaluation can influence one's behavior and decision-making. Attitudes can also change over time or be influenced by external factors, but they are not instinctive or fleeting, and can be measured through various methods.

Question 4

Which statement best characterizes the relationship between attitudes and behavior?

Accepted Answer

Stronger attitudes are more likely to predict behavior, as they are more personally meaningful and have a greater impact on decision-making. While there may be situational factors that can influence behavior, stronger attitudes generally have a more consistent and lasting effect on behavior.

Question 5

Parents commonly instill beliefs, impart values, and model behavior for their children, without knowing they are doing so. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Social modeling refers to the process of observing and imitating the behavior of others, particularly those in the same social group as oneself. Parents are often the primary models for their children's behavior and values, whether consciously or unconsciously. Therefore, parents unknowingly instilling beliefs and values in their children is an example of social modeling.

Question 6

Quincy wants to speak to his professor about his last paper. He intends to challenge the professor about his grade. Shortly into the conversation, Quincy realizes he misunderstood the assignment. Rather than challenge the grade, he decides to ask for a chance to rewrite the paper. This best reflects the notion that

Accepted Answer

Quincy's initial goal was to challenge the grade, but he realized during the conversation that he misunderstood the assignment. This change in his goal demonstrates that people's goals may change during a persuasive encounter.

Question 7

According to the Theory of Reasoned Action, the single best predictor of a person's behavior is

Accepted Answer

The Theory of Reasoned Action suggests that a person's behavior is primarily determined by their intention(s) towards that behavior. Other factors, such as their attitude towards the behavior and normative beliefs, may also play a role, but intention is considered the single best predictor. This is because intention reflects the person's motivation and willingness to engage in the behavior, and is therefore a more immediate and direct predictor of their actions.

Question 8

Although you don't know him well, you know that your neighbor, Roy, belongs to the Tea Party and is an NRA member. Decals on his car bumper say so. So you suspect he will not be happy to learn that a same sex couple bought the house next to him. You are

Accepted Answer

You are inferring Roy's attitudes based on his associations with the Tea Party and NRA, as indicated by the decals on his car.

Question 9

Beverly needs a new surround sound system. She has researched the type of system she wants and is motivated to find the best system to fit her budget. The __________ suggests that she will strive to find out as much as she can about surround sound systems, but only as much as she needs to make a decision, no more, no less.

Accepted Answer

The sufficiency principle states that individuals will seek to find only the information they need to make a decision, without spending unnecessary time or effort seeking out additional information. This aligns with Beverly's behavior of researching only the type of system she wants and striving to find the best system within her budget without going beyond her information needs.

Question 10

Loretta loves her parents. She also loves her boyfriend, Dion. But her parents don't approve of Dion. Which triad of attitudes best reflects this scenario? (assume Loretta is in the lower left corner)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Loretta loves her parents. She also loves...

Question 11

During a job interview, Jack is asked, "Have you ever laughed at a sexist joke?" Jack is sure he has, on occasion, but he answers, "Not that I can recall. Certainly not in the workplace." Jack is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

Jack's answer suggests that he is aware of the socially desirable response to the question, and he is attempting to present himself in a favorable light by denying any association with potentially offensive behavior. This is an example of social desirability bias, which refers to the tendency to present oneself in a positive way in response to questions about social attitudes and behaviors.

Question 12

What type of attitude scale is depicted below? $\text { Same Sex Marriage }$ $\begin{array}{l} \text { Good : }&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\text {Bad }\ \text { Unethical: }&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\text { Ethical} \ \text { Wrong: }&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\_\_\_:&\text {Right } \end{array}$

Accepted Answer

The scale provided is an example of a Semantic Differential scale, which is characterized by opposing adjectives at each end of the scale, allowing respondents to express their attitudes or feelings about a given topic along a continuum.

Question 13

Babbs tells her friend Delilah that she can't stand her drama teacher because he is so mean. Who or what is the attitude object?

Accepted Answer

The attitude object is the drama teacher, as Babbs expresses a negative attitude towards this person.

Question 14

Marketing brands to specific niche groups, such as waitress moms, NASCAR dads, or late breaking gays, is known as

Accepted Answer

This is known as segmentation analysis, where marketers divide their audience into specific groups based on demographics, behavior, or other factors to better target their marketing efforts. The examples given (waitress moms, NASCAR dads, late breaking gays) are examples of potential target niches that could be identified through segmentation analysis.

Question 15

Because people don't want to appear unintelligent or uninformed, some respondents in public opinion polls will make up a position on an issue. This problem is known as

Accepted Answer

This problem is specifically referred to as "non-attitudes", where respondents falsely claim to have an opinion on an issue when they actually do not. Options A and B are not related to this particular problem, and option C is too generic and could refer to a variety of issues in polling (such as respondents lying about their true beliefs).

Question 16

A problem with many physiological measures of attitude, such as GSR, EMG, and ERP is that they

Accepted Answer

Physiological measures such as GSR (galvanic skin response), EMG (electromyography), and ERP (event-related potentials) are bidirectional indicators, meaning that they can signal either positive or negative reactions. This makes it important for researchers to carefully interpret results and consider additional measures to accurately determine the participant's attitude.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a contextual factor of persuasion?

Accepted Answer

Degree of success is not a contextual factor of persuasion, but rather an outcome or result of the persuasion attempt. Contextual factors refer to elements within the communication situation that may influence the persuasion process, such as the number of communicators, the type of communication (synchronous or asynchronous), and the ratio of verbal to nonverbal cues.

Question 18

Brands that are handmade, organic, or artisanal rely on which approach?

Accepted Answer

Brands that are handmade, organic, or artisanal rely on authenticity as their approach as they differentiate themselves by creating a genuine and unique product, taking pride in craftsmanship, and connecting with their customers on a personal level.

Question 19

The Unimodel postulates that there is one route to persuasion whereby

Accepted Answer

The Unimodel postulates that there is simply more or less processing, meaning that individuals can either process information in a shallow or deep way depending on the situation. The postulate does not focus on decision rules, cognitive elaboration, or the interplay between heuristic and systematic processing.

Question 20

One way to help ensure that a persuasive message will have a lasting effect on receivers is to

Accepted Answer

Increasing the receivers' involvement in the issue can help in ensuring that the persuasive message will have a lasting effect on them. When individuals are emotionally involved or invested in the issue, they are more likely to process the message deeply and form a lasting attitude or behavior change. On the other hand, decreasing their motivation or perceived behavioral control or increasing peripheral processing may weaken the message's impact and reduce its long-term effectiveness.

Quiz 1: Why Study Persuasion