Question 1

Which of the following types of gestures is leastrelated to effective persuasion?

Accepted Answer

Adaptors are gestures related to self-comfort or managing emotions and are less directly related to effective persuasion compared to emblems, illustrators, and haptics, which are more communicative and engaging.

Question 2

In contrast to football players, long-distance runners tend to be ________________, that is, is thin and frail-looking.

Accepted Answer

Ectomorphs are characterized by a lean and thin physique with minimal body fat and muscle mass. This body type is optimal for long-distance running as it minimizes the amount of weight the athlete has to carry, improving their endurance and performance. Therefore, long-distance runners tend to have an ectomorphic body type, which is thin and frail-looking.

Question 3

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis posits that:

Accepted Answer

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that the language we use can influence the nature of our thought processes. This means that the way we think about the world can be shaped by the language we use to describe it. For example, if our language has a limited vocabulary for certain concepts, we may struggle to think about those concepts in a detailed and nuanced way.

Question 4

Communication Accommodation Theory shows which language style to be most persuasive?

Accepted Answer

Communication Accommodation Theory suggests that adapting your communication style to match that of your audience can be more persuasive. Therefore, using intense language with people who also use intense language is seen as the most effective approach according to this theory.

Question 5

Kleinke's (1980) study on eye contact at airports suggests that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kleinke's (1980) study on eye contact at...

Question 6

Paralinguistics refers to the study of

Accepted Answer

Paralinguistics specifically refers to studying the vocal aspects of speech, including pitch, rate, volume, and tone of voice. Nonverbal communication (B) encompasses other forms of communication, such as body language and facial expressions. Haptics and adaptors (C) refer to touch and gestures, respectively. Persuasive talk (D) is a broader category that generally refers to techniques used to influence or convince others.

Question 7

For the principle of scarcity to be an effective persuasive strategy, it must succeed in creating ________________ in the persuadee.

Accepted Answer

The principle of scarcity works by presenting a limited availability of a product or service to create a sense of psychological reactance in the persuadee. This reactance occurs because people feel like they may be missing out on an opportunity they may not have in the future. This fear of missing out can increase the desire to obtain the limited resource and ultimately influence the persuadee's decision-making process.

Question 8

__________are nonverbal movements with precise verbal meaning.

Accepted Answer

Emblems are nonverbal movements that have a precise verbal meaning, such as waving to say hello or giving a thumbs-up to indicate approval. Illustrators are nonverbal movements that accompany and emphasize verbal messages, such as pointing to emphasize a direction. Adaptors are nonverbal movements that are usually unconscious and serve to relieve anxiety, such as fidgeting or touching one's hair. Self-touches are a specific type of adaptor that involve touching oneself, such as biting one's nail or rubbing one's hands together.

Question 9

The study of kinesics includes all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Kinesics is the study of how we communicate through body movements, such as facial expressions, gestures, and body synchrony, but it does not specifically include the study of touch.

Question 10

Although the use of ________________ seems to increase people's persuasiveness, the use of ________________ seems to decrease it.

Accepted Answer

The use of illustrators, which are hand gestures that accompany speech, can increase people's persuasiveness by emphasizing points and making the speaker appear more confident and dynamic. On the other hand, the use of adaptors, such as self-touching or fidgeting, can decrease persuasiveness by signaling discomfort, nervousness, or lack of confidence. Therefore, option C correctly identifies the two types of nonverbal behavior and their impacts on persuasive communication.

Question 11

Research shows that people are more persuasive when they are pictured using

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that people are more persuasive when they use open body positions, which means positions that include uncrossed arms and legs, facing the other person directly, and keeping a relaxed posture. This type of body language expresses confidence, openness, and receptiveness, which can influence others to agree with the speaker's point of view. Closed body positions, in contrast, convey defensiveness, resistance, and disinterest, which makes the speaker less persuasive. Rigid or neutral body positions may not communicate any specific message or emotion, so they are less effective in persuasion.

Question 12

________________ people are cast in commercials that seek to emphasize trustworthiness, whereas ________________ people are cast into commercials that seek to portray expertise.

Accepted Answer

Research in psychology suggests that baby-faced individuals are perceived as more trustworthy, while those with mature faces are seen as more competent or knowledgeable. This perception influences casting decisions in commercials aiming to highlight these traits.

Question 13

Based upon findings from the "swear word" booklets of E. Scott Baudhuin (1973), _________ profanities are the least offensive category of profanity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based upon findings from the "swear word"...

Question 14

Controversy over whether to call a person an "illegal alien," "illegal immigrant," "person who is here illegally," "undocumented worker," or "undocumented immigrant" best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The controversy over what term to use to describe a person who is in the country illegally illustrates the power of labeling. The choice of words can influence how people perceive and think about a particular issue or group of people. Different terms can carry different connotations and implications, and the debate over which term to use reflects the societal power dynamics surrounding the issue of immigration.

Question 15

We are more likely to comply with a request by a person who violates our space if that person has "reward value." The theory associated with this perspective is

Accepted Answer

Expectancy violations theory suggests that when someone violates our expectations for their behavior, we assess the potential positive or negative outcomes of that violation. If we perceive the violator as having "reward value," such as attractiveness or social status, we are more likely to comply with their request. Psychological reactance theory focuses on the negative feelings we experience when someone tries to restrict our freedom. Communication accommodation theory emphasizes how we adjust our communication style to match that of our conversational partner. Information processing theory explores how we acquire, store, and use information. None of these theories directly relate to the idea that reward value influences compliance.

Question 16

In contrast to long-distance runners, football players tend to be ________________, that is, muscular and brawny.

Accepted Answer

Mesomorphs are typically characterized by a muscular and athletic physique. Football players need to have strength and power in addition to endurance, which is why they tend to have a mesomorphic body type. Ectomorphs are typically lean and lanky, while endomorphs are usually rounder and have a higher percentage of body fat. Paramorphs are not a recognized body type.

Question 17

________________ can substitute for words because they have an exact meaning attached to them.

Accepted Answer

Emblems are nonverbal symbols that have a specific meaning attached to them, such as a peace sign or a heart shape. They can be used to substitute for words and convey the same message without needing to use language.

Question 18

Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson is an example of a/an _____________, Kevin James a/an__________, and Celine Dion a/an _____________.

Accepted Answer

Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson is known for his muscular build and low body fat, which is characteristic of a mesomorph body type. Kevin James has a rounder, softer body type, which is more typical of an endomorph. Celine Dion has a very lean and slender build, which is indicative of an ectomorph body type. Therefore, the correct choices are A, mesomorph for Dwayne Johnson, endomorph for Kevin James, and ectomorph for Celine Dion.

Question 19

_____________ is the study of how time is used to communicate.

Accepted Answer

Chronemics is the study of how time is used to communicate. It involves understanding the ways in which individuals and cultures use time in different contexts, such as punctuality, waiting, and response time.

Question 20

The Direct Effects Model of Immediacy argues that

Accepted Answer

The Direct Effects Model of Immediacy argues that immediacy leads to increased persuasion. This means that the more immediate the communication is, the more likely it is to be persuasive. This model is supported by research that shows that nonverbal immediacy cues such as eye contact, smiling, and leaning forward can increase the persuasiveness of a message.

Quiz 1: Why Study Persuasion